Abstract: Central Asia is one of the most prominent areas with serious ecological and environmental problems caused by utilization and development of water and land resources. The method of Gini coefficient and the data of water resources volume per unit area of cultivated land were used to analyze the matching relationship between water and land resources in Central Asia. Results showed that the spatial matching status of water and land resources is good when the five countries in Central Asia are as a unity. Through water transfer, a balance of water and land resources in Central Asia can be achieved. However, the matching level of water and land resources is quite different from different countries in Central Asia, and it is higher in the upstream countries than that in the downstream countries. Therefore, water volume is not the only water problem in Central Asia, but the rational redistribution and utilization of water resources among the countries there is the key water problem, especially in the international drainage basins and among the upstream and downstream countries.

Key words: water and land resources, matching mode, water problem, Central Asia