鄂尔多斯市土壤侵蚀时空演变及影响因子分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.06.12

Abstract

Abstract:

The spatial-temporal variation and influencing factors of soil erosion in Ordos City were studied to provide a reference for ecological environment management and soil and water conservation in mining areas. Based on the RUSLE model and geographic detector method, hydraulic soil erosion in Ordos City from 2000 to 2019 was studied, and its influencing factors were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that: (1) The average soil erosion in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019 was 3865.49 t·km^-2·a^-1, 2932.85 t·km^-2·a^-1, 2890.21 t·km^-2·a^-1, 3711.10 t·km^-2·a^-1, 4308.21 t·km^-2·a^-1, respectively. The average soil erosion decreased first and then increased during the 20 years. Increased mining activity was the main reason for the increased soil erosion. (2) The soil erosion in the 20 km buffer zone of the coal mine area developed in a good direction, and the ecological control measures in the mining area were effective and feasible. (3) Slope had the strongest explanatory power on soil erosion in Ordos City and was identified as the leading factor. The synergy of the two factors had enhanced the explanatory power for soil erosion. The soil erosion situation in Ordos City was mainly slight and mild erosion. >35° slope interval, 0-0.3 vegetation coverage interval, and industrial and mining land was an area prone to soil erosion. Therefore, increasing vegetation coverage can effectively prevent soil erosion.

Key words: soil erosion, RUSLE model, geographic detector, coal mining area, impact factor, Ordos City

ZHAO Mengen,YAN Qingwu,LIU Zhengting,WANG Wenming,LI Gui’e,WU Zhenhua. Analysis of temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of soil erosion in Ordos City[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1819-1831.

Figures/Tables 18

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References 31

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数据类型	数据获取及处理
Landsat数据	解译分类后的数据精度kappa≥0.8 土地利用类型包括：耕地、水域、植被（主要为草地）、城镇用地、工矿用地及其他用地
MODIS数据	植物生长季（6—9月）MOD13Q1数据计算植被覆盖度
气象数据	2000—2019年54个气象站点的日降水数据，插值方法为普通克里金
DEM数据	分辨率为30 m，提取坡度、坡向
土壤数据	砂粒、粉粒和黏粒（以百分比显示）

判据	交互作用
q(X1∩X2)<Min[q(X1),q(X2)]	非线性减弱
Min[q(X1),q(X2)]<q(X1∩X2)<Max[q(X1),q(X2)]	单因子非线性减弱
q(X1∩X2)>Max[q(X1),q(X2)]	双因子增强
q(X1∩X2)=q(X1)+q(X2)	独立
q(X1∩X2)>q(X1)+q(X2)	非线性增强

侵蚀等级	面积/km²					比例/%
侵蚀等级	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2019年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2019年
微度	22839.56	33191.72	29709.93	24713.01	22828.82	26.26	38.16	34.16	28.41	26.25
轻度	25270.39	24532.83	27151.54	25847.95	22378.47	29.06	28.21	31.22	29.72	25.73
中度	19073.19	15530.29	16791.69	18171.16	19312.13	21.93	17.86	19.31	20.89	22.20
强度	9276.38	6907.29	6985.41	8558.72	10216.18	10.67	7.94	8.03	9.84	11.75
极强度	7031.62	4744.24	4537.77	6309.29	8072.58	8.08	5.45	5.22	7.25	9.28
剧烈	3482.65	2067.40	1797.13	3373.29	4165.18	4.00	2.38	2.07	3.88	4.79

	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2019年
耕地	3.87	3.94	4.04	5.12	5.12
水域	1.24	1.48	1.34	1.24	1.52
工矿用地	0.04	0.15	0.55	0.95	0.84
城镇用地	0.26	0.44	0.56	0.61	0.65
草地	65.45	64.14	66.30	65.84	65.68
其他用地	29.14	29.85	27.22	26.24	26.20

	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2019年
耕地	924.72	474.56	616.79	803.35	501.95
工矿用地	6549.87	5838.23	7000.92	8977.01	14450.75
城镇用地	272.35	161.57	264.02	324.55	302.48
草地	3505.69	2824.72	2437.27	3443.18	3775.18
其他用地	5244.54	3655.50	5615.15	5001.56	6397.47

Analysis of temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of soil erosion in Ordos City

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	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2019年
中起伏山地	10714.33	15044.19	8821.27	13159.85	15159.90
剥蚀台地	4851.99	7887.17	4077.70	5603.21	7884.93
干燥洪积平原	5619.93	6823.66	4345.24	5421.02	7475.73
黄土梁峁	7477.71	3216.24	3589.22	7035.75	4663.14
剥蚀平原	4430.40	3474.53	2971.53	4530.06	4608.90
丘陵	4155.03	3160.80	2994.71	4474.03	4462.66
冲积洪积平原	4763.53	2782.47	3183.56	4875.86	4004.45
湖积平原	2777.36	1903.60	2823.42	3156.54	3939.80
风积地貌	3219.93	2079.13	2637.73	2849.38	3773.89
冲积平原	1966.72	2089.69	1735.16	1904.83	2418.63
洪积平原	1831.32	2283.16	1593.97	1925.75	2354.03

影响因子	土地利用类型	植被覆盖度	降水	坡度	距矿区距离
土地利用类型	0.0753	0.1725	0.1129	0.3830	0.1124
植被覆盖度	0.1725	0.1145	0.1383	0.4019	0.1436
降水	0.1129	0.1383	0.0338	0.2825	0.0795
坡度	0.3830	0.4019	0.2825	0.2131	0.2532
距矿区距离	0.1124	0.1436	0.0795	0.2532	0.0119

影响因子	降水/mm	坡度	植被覆盖度	土地利用类型	距离/m
高风险区	141.02~174.62	>35°	<0.3	工矿用地	0~13528
平均侵蚀量/（t·km^-2·a^-1）	7882.84	40530.58	6496.18	14450.75	5865.62

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