放牧对荒漠灌丛草地土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.01.10

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 87-94.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.01.10

放牧对荒漠灌丛草地土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性的影响

祁正超¹(),常佩静^2,³,李永善⁴,田雪梅⁵,李旭东¹(),郭丁¹,牛得草¹

1.草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院,草业科学国家级实验教学示范中心（兰州大学）,甘肃兰州 730020
2.内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟气象局,内蒙古巴彦浩特 750306
3.内蒙古自治区荒漠生态气象中心,内蒙古巴彦浩特 750306
4.内蒙古自治区孪井滩气象站,内蒙古嘉尔嘎勒赛汉 750312
5.内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟草原工作站,内蒙古巴彦浩特 750306

收稿日期:2020-06-11 修回日期:2020-10-15 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-03-05
通讯作者: 李旭东
作者简介:祁正超（1994-）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事草地生态系统碳循环研究. E-mail: 925772409@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500506)

Effects of grazing intensity on soil aggregates composition, stability, nutrients and C/N in desert shrubland

QI Zhengchao¹(),CHANG Peijing^2,³,LI Yongshan⁴,TIAN Xuemei⁵,LI Xudong¹(),GUO Ding¹,NIU Decao¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education(Lanzhou University), Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
2. Alxa League Meteorological Bureau, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Hot 750306, Inner Mongolia, China
3. Inner Mongolia Desert Ecological and Meteorological Center, Bayan Hot 750306, Inner Mongolia, China
4. Luanjingtan Meteorological Station, Inner Mongolia, Gargaresehan 750312, Inner Mongolia, China
5. Alxa Alliance Grassland Station , Inner Mongolia, Bayan Hot 750306, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2020-06-11 Revised:2020-10-15 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-03-05
Contact: Xudong LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以内蒙古阿拉善盟荒漠草地为研究对象,分析了不同放牧强度对土壤理化性质、团聚体组成、养分含量及其稳定性的影响。结果表明：与轻度放牧相比,重度放牧使0~5 cm、5~10 cm和10~20 cm土层土壤有机C和全N含量显著降低,土壤容重显著增加;各土层中土壤团聚体以0.053~0.25 mm粒径为主,放牧强度的增加造成土壤团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD）值降低,分形维数（D）值升高,土壤团聚体结构遭受破坏,稳定性降低,导致土壤团聚体由大粒径团聚体（0.25~2 mm）向小粒径团聚体(0.053~0.25 mm、<0.053 mm)转变;重度放牧使土壤团聚体的C/N值升高,造成有效养分难以释放,植物所需养分亏缺。说明重度放牧是造成阿拉善盟荒漠草地退化的重要因素。

关键词: 放牧强度, 土壤团聚体, 稳定性, 土壤养分

Abstract:

We studied the effects of different grazing intensities upon soil physical-chemical properties, aggregates composition and stability, nutrients, and the C/N ratio in the Alxa desert steppe. We observed that heavy grazing decreased soil’s organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-20 cm layers while increased soil’s bulk density compared to light grazing. In all layers, 0.053-0.250 mm aggregates were dominant. Both mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates decreased, whereas soil fractal dimension increased, indicating damages to the soil aggregates’ structure and stability decrease. Heavy grazing decreased larger soil aggregates (0.25-2.00 mm) to smaller ones (0.053-0.250 mm and <0.053 mm) and increased the C/N ratio of soil aggregates, limiting the release of available nutrients and causing nutrients deficiency. We conclude that heavy grazing is a vital degradation factor for the Alxa desert steppe’s soils.

Key words: grazing intensity, soil aggregate, stability, soil nutrients

祁正超,常佩静,李永善,田雪梅,李旭东,郭丁,牛得草. 放牧对荒漠灌丛草地土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(1): 87-94.

QI Zhengchao,CHANG Peijing,LI Yongshan,TIAN Xuemei,LI Xudong,GUO Ding,NIU Decao. Effects of grazing intensity on soil aggregates composition, stability, nutrients and C/N in desert shrubland[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 87-94.

图/表 6

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土层/cm	放牧强度	土壤有机C/(g·kg^-1)	土壤全N/(g·kg^-1)	C/N	土壤容重/(g·cm^-3)	土壤颗粒组成/%
土层/cm	放牧强度	土壤有机C/(g·kg^-1)	土壤全N/(g·kg^-1)	C/N	土壤容重/(g·cm^-3)	砂粒（>50 μm）	粉粒（2~50 μm）	黏粒（<2 μm）
	LG	4.32±0.10a	0.76±0.03a	5.63±0.01c	1.44±0.03b	82.13±0.14a	15.35±0.13b	2.52±0.02a
0~5	MG	4.14±0.05a	0.74±0.02a	5.73±0.00b	1.43±0.01b	77.02±0.50b	20.49±0.43a	2.49±0.07a
	HG	3.34±0.06b	0.59±0.04b	5.86±0.02a	1.51±0.02a	88.14±0.05c	10.04±0.04c	1.82±0.01b
	LG	4.02±0.08a	0.63±0.02a	6.23±0.07b	1.36±0.01c	73.00±0.25c	23.80±0.21a	3.20±0.04a
5~10	MG	3.78±0.07b	0.58±0.01b	6.41±0.01b	1.40±0.01b	74.69±0.33b	22.55±0.29a	2.76±0.05b
	HG	3.40±0.02c	0.51±0.01c	6.88±0.20a	1.49±0.02a	90.33±0.02a	8.28±0.01b	1.39±0.01c
	LG	3.82±0.02a	0.58±0.02a	6.50±0.01a	1.33±0.01c	76.57±0.26c	20.88±0.23a	2.55±0.03b
10~20	MG	3.79±0.03a	0.57±0.01a	6.56±0.00a	1.38±0.02b	75.60±0.33b	21.22±0.18a	3.19±0.03a
	HG	3.14±0.02b	0.49±0.02b	6.56±0.00a	1.52±0.02a	84.98±0.17a	12.87±0.15b	2.15±0.03c

土层/cm	放牧强度	平均重量直径(MWD)	几何平均直径(GMD)	分形维数(D)
	LG	0.21±0.01a	0.15±0.02a	2.61±0.02b
0~5	MG	0.17±0.02ab	0.14±0.01a	2.87±0.05a
	HG	0.16±0.01b	0.12±0.02a	2.93±0.08a
	LG	0.21±0.01a	0.16±0.02a	2.80±0.03b
5~10	MG	0.18±0.01b	0.15±0.01ab	2.85±0.04ab
	HG	0.17±0.02b	0.13±0.02b	2.91±0.02a
	LG	0.20±0.01a	0.15±0.02a	2.80±0.03b
10~20	MG	0.17±0.01a	0.15±0.01a	2.84±0.03b
	HG	0.17±0.02a	0.14±0.02a	2.94±0.02a

土层/cm	放牧强度		土壤团聚体C/N值
土层/cm	放牧强度	0.25~2 mm	0.053~0.25 mm	< 0.053 mm
0~5	LG	8.75±0.26b	22.63±1.24b	4.25±0.10a
	MG	8.14±0.15b	27.41±2.01b	4.17±.0.05a
	HG	19.40±0.68a	50.99±4.29a	4.21±0.09a
	LG	8.56±0.34b	27.19±1.19b	5.45±0.13a
5~10	MG	12.71±1.09b	17.63±0.76c	5.54±0.03a
	HG	23.05±1.52a	40.19±2.92a	5.43±0.03a
	LG	20.91±1.05b	19.11±0.48b	6.10±0.14a
10~20	MG	18.61±0.97b	21.41±0.41b	6.15±0.06a
	HG	28.63±1.11a	38.68±1.02a	6.06±0.06a

放牧对荒漠灌丛草地土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性的影响

Effects of grazing intensity on soil aggregates composition, stability, nutrients and C/N in desert shrubland

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