air quality,meteorological factor,Oasis,Hotan,Xinjiang ,"/>  新疆和田绿洲空气质量状况与气象条件的关系
干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 46-57.

• 天气与气候 • 上一篇    下一篇

 新疆和田绿洲空气质量状况与气象条件的关系

买买提阿布都拉·依米尔1，布帕提曼·艾拜都拉1，陈天宇1，玛依拉·麦麦提2，赵玉倩1   

  1. 1.和田地区气象台，新疆  和田  848000； 2.新疆机场（集团）有限责任公司和田机场，新疆  和田  848000
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-10 修回日期:2019-06-06 出版日期:2020-01-15 发布日期:2020-01-14
  • 作者简介:买买提阿布都拉·依米尔( 1979-) ，男，维吾尔族，高级工程师，主要从事短时临近天气预报和沙尘暴预报预警指标研究工作．E-mail: htmmt@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目（2017D01A08）资助

Relationship between Air Quality and Meteorological Conditions in the Hotan Oasis, Xinjiang

Maimaitiabuttula Yimier1, Bupatiman Aibaidoula1, CHEN Tian-yu1, Mayila Maimaiti2, ZHAO Yu-qian1   

  1. 1. Hotan Meteorological Observatory, Hotan 848000, Xinjiang, China;
    2. Hotan Airport, Xinjiang Airport (Group) Co. Ltd., Hotan 848000, Xinjiang, China

  • Received:2019-04-10 Revised:2019-06-06 Online:2020-01-15 Published:2020-01-14

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摘要： 利用和田绿洲空气质量日报数据和同期的常规气象资料，分析了2015年1月1日至2017年12月31日该区的空气质量特征，探讨了气象条件和空气质量之间的相互关系。结果表明：和田绿洲近3 a平均环境空气质量指数（AQI）为199，达到空气质量中度污染标准，污染天数占总日数的78.1%。其中，春季空气质量最差，以严重污染为主；其次是夏季，以轻度和严重污染为主；再次是秋季和冬季，以轻度污染为主。PM10、PM2.5浓度年平均分别为332 μg·m-3和100 μg·m-3，超标率为75.7%和49.5%，其余污染物超标率在3%以下，其中PM10浓度春季最大，夏、秋季其次，冬季最小；PM2.5浓度春季最大，夏、冬季其次，秋季最小；SO2、NO2、CO浓度冬季最大，春、秋季次之，夏季最小；O3浓度夏季最大，春、秋季次之，冬季最小。除降水量外，AQI与其余气象因子均呈极显著相关；除平均气温与PM2.5、相对湿度与CO、降水与SO2、PM10、O3、PM2.5无相关外，其余气象因子对污染物浓度 均有显著影响；能见度与AQI和各类污染物浓度均为极显著相关。随着能见度的上升，AQI下降，在同样能见度条件下，AQI在沙尘多发期的夏半年高于沙尘少发期的冬半年；不管在沙尘多发期还是少发期，随着能见度的转好，SO2、PM10、CO、PM2.5污染物浓度呈减少趋势，O3浓度呈增多趋势，NO2浓度无明显的规律，而且PM10、O3、PM2.5浓度夏半年高于冬半年，SO2、CO、NO2浓度冬半年高于夏半年。在沙尘天气期间，最低能见度小于1 km的浓浮尘和沙尘暴天气AQI相互接近，最低能见度在1～3.5 km的浮尘和扬沙天气AQI相互接近，当最低能见度大于3.5 km时，浮尘天气的AQI高于扬沙天气的AQI；PM10、PM2.5浓度随着最低能见度升高而变小，其他污染物浓度虽然随着最低能见度的变化有一定的差别，但规律不明显。

关键词: 空气质量, 气象因子, 绿洲, 和田, 新疆

Abstract:  In this study, the daily data of air quality and the conventional meteorological data from the Hotan Oasis were used to analyze the air quality over the study area from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. The relationships among the air quality and the meteorological factors were discussed. The results showed that the three-year average AQI in the Hotan Oasis was 199, the air pollution was moderate, and the days with air pollution accounted for 78.1% of the total. Seasonally, the air quality in spring was the worst, then that in summer, and the air pollution was the slightest in autumn and winter. The annual average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 333 μg·m-3 and 100 μg·m-3, and the days when the values of PM10 and PM2.5 exceeded the standards accounted for 75.7% and 49.5% of the total, respectively. The days when the values of other pollutants exceeded the standards were lower than 3%. The concentration of PM10 was the highest in spring, then in summer and autumn, and it was the lowest in winter. The concentration of PM2.5 was the highest in spring, then in summer and winter, and it was the lowest in autumn. The concentrations of SO2, NO2 and CO were the highest in winter, then in spring and autumn, and it was the lowest in summer. O3 concentration was the highest in summer, then in spring and autumn, and it was the lowest in winter. Except precipitation, AQI was significantly correlated with other meteorological factors. Except the absence of correlations between the average temperature and PM2.5, relative humidity and CO, and precipitation and SO2, PM10, O3 and PM2.5, other meteorological factors affected significantly the IAQI. Visibility was significantly correlated with AQI and IAQI. AQI decreased with the increase of visibility. Under the similar visibility, the pollutant concentration was higher in summer half year when the occurring frequency of dust weather was high than that in winter half year when the occurring frequency of dust weather was low. With the improvement of visibility, the concentrations of SO2, PM10, CO and PM2.5 tended to a decrease, the concentration of O3 increased, and the concentration of NO2 changed irregularly. Moreover, the concentrations of PM10, O3 and PM2.5 were higher in summer half year than in winter half year, and the concentrations of SO2, CO and NO2 were higher in winter half year than in summer half year. When the visibility was lower than 1 km, the pollutant concentration under dense floating dust weather was similar to that in sandstorm; when the visibility varied in a range of 1-3.5 km, the pollutant concentration under floating dust weather was similar to that under blowing sand weather; when the visibility was higher than 3.5 km, the pollutant concentration under floating dust weather was higher than that under blowing sand weather. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 decreased with the increase of the lowest visibility, and the change of concentrations of other pollutants with the change of the lowest visibility was different.

Key words: air quality')">

air quality, meteorological factor, Oasis, Hotan, Xinjiang