关键词: 土地经营, 管理模式, 土地利用变化, 景观格局, 兵团, 玛纳斯河流域

Abstract: Xinjiang has two basic management modes, i.e. the “farm management mode” developed by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and the “local mode” formed by local governments. The comparison and analysis of the differences between the two typical land use modes is of great significance for understanding the effects of different human activities on land use. In this paper, a case study on two typical land use modes in the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang during the period of 1970s-2015 was carried out, and the land use dataset for the drainage basin was constructed. Moreover, the differences between the farm management mode and the local mode in land use change pattern and landscape pattern were investigated by using the land use index and landscape pattern index. The results are as follows: ① The differences of land use change between the two modes were mainly in the change of farmland and construction land, that is the change of farmland in state farms was more significant, but the change of construction land in local areas was more significant; ② Independent management mode was implemented in the local areas where the field size was small and the degree of fragmentation was high. In the state farms, however, the scale of land use was large, and the management was unified, the land consolidation frequency was high, land plots were constantly integrated, and the landscape pattern was tended to be simple; ③ compared with the local communities, there were the significant differences in land use change degree and landscape pattern. The difference was mainly caused by the different corps and the different land management modes. The analyzed results of the differences of land use change between the state farms and the local areas could be referred for the rational land use and regional sustainable development.

Key words: land use mode, management mode, land use change, landscape pattern, Corps, Manas River Basin