干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 973-980.

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱区绿洲城市水资源开发利用的潜力——以乌鲁木齐市为例

唐宏1,2，夏富强2，杨德刚2   

  1. （1．四川农业大学，四川省农村发展研究中心，四川 成都 611130；2．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011）
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-02 修回日期:2013-07-27 出版日期:2013-11-15 发布日期:2013-12-12
  • 作者简介:唐宏（1985-），男，博士，主要从事水资源利用与区域可持续发展研究. E-mail: tanghongwa@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划（RCPY201003）；中国科学院“西部博士”项目（XBBS201108）

Exploitation and Utilization Potentials of Water Resources in Arid Oasis City—A Case Study in Urumqi

TANG Hong1,2，XIA Fu-qiang2，YANG De-gang2   

  1. (1. Sichuan Province Center for Rural Development Research, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130,Sichuan, China; 2. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang,China)
  • Received:2013-05-02 Revised:2013-07-27 Published:2013-11-15 Online:2013-12-12

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摘要： 西北干旱地区的水资源短缺，严重制约了绿洲城市的健康发展。基于乌鲁木齐市1995—2010年水资源开发利用现状，构建了水资源开发利用潜力的综合评价模型。结果表明：① 地表水是乌鲁木齐市的主要水源，全市多年平均水资源量为11.20×108 m3，人均水资源量远低于新疆平均水平。水资源开发率持续快速增长，用水总量甚至已超过区域当年来水总量。② 用水总量呈波动增长，2010年达10.89×108 m3，农业生产是主要的用水部门，但近年来农业用水比例有所下降，工业与生活用水逐步增加。③ 水资源本底条件和开发利用程度显著恶化，利用效率和管理能力则迅速改善。总体来看，乌鲁木齐市水资源开发利用潜力在波动中逐渐下降，其中人口快速增长、经济高速发展、水资源污染加重是主要因素。

关键词: 水资源, 开发利用潜力, 绿洲城市, 乌鲁木齐

Abstract: Shortage of water resources has seriously hampered the healthy development of oasis city. Based on the situation of exploitation and utilization of water resources in Urumqi during the period of 1995-2010, in this paper a comprehensive appraisal model was developed for assessing the exploitation and utilization potential of water resources. The results were as follows: (1) Surface water was the main water resources in Urumqi, where the annual volume of water resources was 11.20×108 m3, and the water resources volume per capita was much lower than that in whole Xinjiang. The exploitation and utilization ratio of water resources in Urumqi was rapidly increased, and even the water consumption was higher than the inflow volume; (2) Total water consumption was increased in a fluctuation way, and it was 10.89×108 m3 in 2010. Water consumption was dominated by agricultural production, but the proportion of water consumption for farming was decreased in recent years, and the industrial and domestic water consumption was gradually increased; (3) The background conditions of water resources in Urumqi were significantly deteriorated, but the utilization efficiency and management capability were rapidly improved. Holistically, the exploitation and utilization potential of water resources in Urumqi was gradually decreased in a fluctuation way due to the rapid population growth and economic development as well as the pollution of water resources.

Key words: water resources, exploitation and utilization potential, oasis city, Urumqi