干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 477-484.

• 天气与气候变化 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土高原风蚀和风水蚀复合区的风蚀气候侵蚀力变化

蒋冲1,2, 陈爱芳2, 喻小勇2, 王飞1,3, 穆兴民1,3, 李锐1,3   

  1. 1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西 杨凌 712100； 2. 北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院地表过程
    与资源生态国家重点实验室，北京 100875； 3. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西 杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2012-08-06 修回日期:2012-09-05 出版日期:2013-05-15 发布日期:2013-05-16
  • 通讯作者: 王飞．E-mail： wafe@ms.iswc.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:蒋冲（1987-），男，在读硕士研究生，主要从事气候变化与生态水文研究．E-mail： cba8702@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金（41171420）；中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室自主研究项目（10502-Z12-9）共同资助

Variation of Wind Erosivity in the Wind Erosion and Wind-water Erosion Regions in the Loess Plateau

 JIANG  Chong1,2, CHEN  Ai-Fang2, YU  Xiao-Yong2, WANG  Fei1,3, MU  Xing-Min1,3, LI  Rui1,3   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, 
    Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy 
    of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2012-08-06 Revised:2012-09-05 Online:2013-05-15 Published:2013-05-16

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摘要： 利用黄土高原风蚀和风水蚀复合区30个气象站1961—2010年的观测资料，根据联合国粮农组织给出的风蚀气候因子指数（C值）的计算公式和线性趋势法、Pettitt变点检测、Morlet小波分析等方法，研究风速的空间分布、时空变化、突变特征和周期特性及其对C值的影响。结果表明：① 该区多年平均风速为2.2 m•s-1，内蒙古和宁夏境内的部分地区风速较大，陕北、晋西北、陇东和青海部分地区较小。近50 a来风速整体呈显著减小趋势，1970s风速最大，2000s最小。② 年尺度83%的站点风速发生了突变，区域整体突变发生于1982年，四季风速突变时间与年尺度基本一致。③ 近50 a风速存在3次交替变化，1961—1977年和1995—2010年偏大，而1977—1995年偏小，季节尺度上也发现了类似的现象，未来一段时间内该地区风速仍然偏小。④ 该区多年平均C值的空间分布格局和时空变化趋势与风速较为一致，整体也呈现出显著减小趋势。⑤ C值与相对湿度和降水量呈负相关关系，与潜在蒸发量、干旱指数和风速呈正相关关系。风力增强（风速增加）和干旱加剧对于风蚀起到促进作用；温度上升及其造成的蒸发量增大也有助于风蚀的形成。

关键词: 风速, 相对湿度, 降水量, 侵蚀强度, 时空变化, 风蚀气候因子指数, 风蚀和风水蚀复合区, 黄土高原

Abstract: In this paper, the climatic factor index of wind erosion, climate trend rate, Pettitt sharp change point detection and Morlet wavelet transform were used to analyze the spatial distribution, spatiotemporal variation, sharp change and periodicity of wind speed as well as their effects on climatic factor index of wind erosion based on the data from 30 meteorological stations in the wind erosion and windwater erosion regions in the Loess Plateau during the period from 1961 to 2010. The results are as follows: ① The multi-year average wind speed was 2.2 m•s-1, and it was relatively high in most regions in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia Hui autonomous regions, but low in north Shaanxi Province, northwest Shanxi Province, east Gansu Province and some areas in Qinghai Province. Wind speed was the highest in spring, and then in summer, autumn and winter, it was holistically in a decrease trend in recent 50 years, lowest in the 1970s but highest in the 2000s; ② A sharp change of wind speed occurred at 83% stations, the holistic sharp change in the study area occurred in 1982, and the seasonal sharp change was similar to the annual one; ③ Three times of alternant change of wind speed occurred in recent 50 years, the wind speed was high during the periods of 1961—1977 and 1995—2010 but low during the period of 1977—1995, seasonal change of wind speed was similar, and the wind speed would be still low in near future; ④ The spatial distribution and spatiotemporal change trend of climatic factor index of average annual wind erosion was similar to the change of wind speed; ⑤ The climatic factor index of wind erosion was correlated negatively with relative humidity and precipitation, thus the increase of precipitation or relative humidity could restrain wind erosion; there were positive correlations among the climatic factor index of wind erosion and the potential evaporation, drought index and wind speed. The increase of wind speed, drought index, temperature and evaporation could promote wind erosion.

Key words: wind speep, relative humidity, precipitation, wind erosivity, spatiotemporal change, the Loess Plateau