干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 167-172.

• 灌溉与土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

微咸水膜下滴灌棉田春灌压盐效果的初步分析

李巧1，周金龙1,2，栗现文2，郭晓静2，赵玉杰1   

    1. 新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2. 中国地质大学 环境学院，湖北 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2010-12-08 修回日期:2011-06-21 出版日期:2012-01-15 发布日期:2012-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 周金龙. E-mail:zjzhoujl@163.com
  • 作者简介:李巧（1987-），女，四川广安人，在读博士，主要从事水文及水资源研究. E-mail:princessqiaoqiao@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目（51069016，50969010）；新疆水文学及水资源重点学科基金（xjswszyzdxk20101202）；新疆水利水电工程重点学科基金（xjslgczdxk20101202）资助

Leaching through Spring Drip Irrigation under Film in Cotton Field

LI Qiao1，ZHOU Jin-long1,2，LI Xian-wen2，GUO Xiao-jing2，ZHAO Yu-jie1   

    1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
    2. College of Environmental Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
  • Received:2010-12-08 Revised:2011-06-21 Online:2012-01-15 Published:2012-02-27

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摘要： 在塔里木盆地平原灌区，微咸水灌溉意义重大。而微咸水灌溉的最大问题是土壤积盐，经过1 a的微咸水灌溉后，来年播种前是否需要冬灌或春灌压盐是人们关注的焦点。通过对比尉犁县3个微咸水膜下滴灌棉田监测区（S1，S2，S3），2010年春灌前0~60 cm土壤易溶盐含量和棉籽发芽期、苗蕾期、花铃期与吐絮期棉花生长的耐盐指标（分别为7.1 g/kg，6.9 g/kg，8.2 g/kg和9.2 g/kg），得出了S1和S2隔年压盐一般能满足棉花发芽及生长的要求，而S3监测区仍需要春灌压盐的结论。计算得出3个监测区的春灌前后土壤脱盐率分别为11.9%~84.2%，20.7%~71.1%和32.9%~78.8%，表明3个监测区的春灌压盐效果均很明显。

关键词: 微咸水, 膜下滴灌, 春灌压盐, 棉田, 土壤积盐, 塔里木盆地

Abstract: Irrigation with brackish water is of great significance in plain irrigation districts in the Tarim Basin where it is in shortage of water resources. The most serious problem in brackish water irrigation is salt accumulation in soil. The focus is that whether it is necessary to leach salt in soil with winter irrigation or spring irrigation before sowing next year after brackish water irrigation is applied for one year. In this paper, the data of easily dissolvable salts in soil 0-60 cm in depth, monitored in 3 monitoring areas (S1, S2 and S3) before and after spring irrigation in Tarim Township, Yuli County, Xinjiang in 2010 were analyzed, and the indexes of salt tolerance of cotton plant at germination, seedling-budding, flowering-boll and boll-opening stages (7.1, 6.9, 8.2 and 9.2 g/kg respectively) were compared. The results show that soil in cotton field could be desalted to the soil salt content level of satisfying cotton seed germination and cotton plant growth by spring irrigation leaching once every other year in monitoring area S1 and S2 but every year in monitoring area S3. The soil desalting ratios of spring irrigation leaching in the 3 monitoring areas varied in ranges of 11.9%-84.2%, 20.7%-71.1% and 32.9%-78.8% respectively. These results reveal that the desalinization of spring irrigation leaching in these 3 monitoring areas was obvious.

Key words: brackish water, under-film drip irrigation, desalinization of spring irrigation leaching, cotton field, soil salt accumulation, Tarim Basin