干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5): 768-774.

• 水资源及其利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

胡杨融雪漏斗现象及生态作用

 杨晓东1,2, 吕光辉1,2, 常顺利1,2   

    1. 绿洲生态教育部重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046
    2. 新疆大学 资源与环境科学学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046
  • 收稿日期:2010-07-11 修回日期:2010-09-27 出版日期:2011-09-15 发布日期:2011-10-16
  • 作者简介:杨晓东(1984- ),男,甘肃天水人,硕士生,专业方向为干旱区生态学.E-mail: xjyangxd@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然基金项目（31060061）;博士点基金项目（20106501110001）

Mechanism and Ecological Role of Snowmelt Funnel of Populus euphratica

 YANG  Xiao-Dong1,2, LV Guang-Hui1,2, CHANG  Shun-Li1,2   

    1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830046, China
    2. College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
  • Received:2010-07-11 Revised:2010-09-27 Published:2011-09-15 Online:2011-10-16

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4

摘要： 杜加依林春季积雪融化时，存在以胡杨根部为中心的融雪漏斗。通过调查比较胡杨林冠和融雪漏斗的形状相关性，测定漏斗区与林隙地表区温度的不同，分析漏斗区与林隙区表层土壤有机质和总盐的差异。结果表明：胡杨林冠下由于主干的存在，使林冠下土壤能得到较多的太阳辐射能量，并且林冠下枯落物的富集作用和胡杨的“肥岛”效应，使林冠下土壤的有机质含量、总盐含量高于林隙土壤，影响了土壤的保温能力和融雪速率，从而造成春季土壤消融时林冠下土壤温度较高，并形成以植株根部为基点按距离梯度分布的融雪漏斗。融雪漏斗形成后，胡杨林冠下的雪融水向植株根部汇集，并沿着融雪漏斗下渗到根部土壤，改变了冬雪融水在个体尺度上的空间分配格局，为春季胡杨生长提供了一定的可利用水量。融雪漏斗的现象可以在一定程度上解释部分荒漠植物的共生或伴生现象，例如在杜加依林内，胡杨的融雪漏斗诱导了部分早春短命植物在胡杨林冠下水分分配得到改善的区域呈紧缩分布。

关键词: 融雪漏斗, 肥岛效应, 胡杨, 杜加依林, 有机质, 总盐, 艾比湖湿地

Abstract: There is a snowmelt funnel around a  Populus euphratica trunk in Tugai forest. This paper analyzes the relationship between P. euphratica  crown and the shape of snowmelt funnel, and the difference of soil temperature, organic matter content and salt content in soil between the funnel area and the ground of forest gap. The results show that the salt content and organic matter content in soil under P. euphratica crown was higher than that of the ground of forest gap, which resulted in a higher soil temperature under the crown and the best capacity of insulation for forest when the frozen soil was melted in spring, because the soil under the crown could get more solar radiation and there was also a “fertile island effect”, thus a snowmelt funnel formed around a P. euphratica trunk. Water from snowmelt under the crown flowed to the roots of  P. euphratica in spring, which was advantageous for the growth of  P. euphratica forest. To some extent, snowmelt funnel can be used to explain the phenomenon of mutualism and associate among species. Taking the Tugai forest as an example, snowmelt funnels of  P. euphratica contribute to the survival of ephemeral plants in arid and semiarid areas.

Key words: snowmelt funnel, fertile island effect, Populus euphratica, Tugai forest, organic matter content, salt content, Ebinur Lake wetland

中图分类号: 

  • Q948.112.3