荒漠河岸林建群植物的水分利用过程分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2018.01.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 荒漠河岸林植物是干旱区生态系统的重要组成部分，研究干旱区荒漠河岸林建群植物水分利用过程，对制定生态保育恢复对策具有重要意义。本文通过对西北干旱区塔里木河和黑河下游荒漠河岸林植物水分来源、根系水力提升过程的观察和对比分析，解析了不同胁迫环境下胡杨、柽柳等荒漠河岸林主要建群种的水分利用过程。研究结果显示：在塔里木河和黑河下游不同地下水埋深和干旱胁迫环境下，荒漠河岸林植物的水分利用方式和生存策略有较大差别。在水分来源上，胡杨和柽柳主要利用深层土壤水和地下水，但塔里木河下游的植物根系对水资源的利用较黑河下游更加多元化；在水分分配方面，塔里木河下游的胡杨表现出更强的水力提升能力和更显著的水分再分配效应，地下水埋深是造成植物水分利用策略差异的主要原因，地下水位越深（7 m以内），胡杨受干旱胁迫越大，胡杨根系的水力提升能力亦越强。目前黑河下游的生态已处于平衡维持和发展阶段，而塔里木河下游广大地区的荒漠河岸林植物仍处于严重的干旱胁迫中。

关键词: 荒漠河岸林, 胡杨, 柽柳, 水分利用, 内陆河下游

Abstract: Desert riparian forest is an important component of the ecosystem in arid areas. The study on the water use process of constructive plants of desert riparian forest is of great significance to formulate countermeasures for ecological conservation restoration in arid area. Taking two rivers in the arid regions of northwestern China, the lower reaches of Tarim and Heihe River as the research target regions, In this study, the plant water resources and root hydraulic lift process of desert riparian forest plants were explored, and the water use processes of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima grown under drought stress conditions were analyzed. The results indicate that water use pattern and survival strategy of desert riparian forest plants is various under different groundwater depths and drought stress conditions in the lower reaches of Tarim and Heihe Rivers. In plant water acquire, Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima mainly use deep subsoil water and groundwater, but their water absorption is more diversified in the lower reaches of the Tarim River than in the lower reaches of the Heihe River; In water distribution, Populus euphratica grown in the lower reaches of the Tarim River generally has a more strong hydraulic lift capacity and significant ecological effect on water redistribution. The essential reason for differences in plants water using strategy is groundwater depth, the deeper the groundwater tables (within 7 m), Populus euphratica suffered the greater the drought stress, and the hydraulic lift capacity of Populus euphratica root system is also stronger. The ecology in the lower reaches of the Heihe River has been in balance in the maintenance and development stage, while desert riparian forest plants in the lower reaches of the Tarim River are still in severe drought stress.

Key words: desert riparian forest, Populus euphratica, Tamarix ramosissima, water use, the lower reaches of inland river

陈亚宁, 李卫红, 陈亚鹏, 周洪华, 郝兴明, 朱成刚. 荒漠河岸林建群植物的水分利用过程分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(01): 130-136.

CHEN Ya-Ning, LI Wei-Hong, CHEN Ya-Peng, ZHOU Hong-Hua, HAO Xing-Ming, ZHU Cheng-Gang. Analyze on Water Use Process of Constructive Plants in Desert Riparian Forest in the Lower Reaches of Inland River[J]. , 2018, 35(01): 130-136.

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