1964—2015年阿牙克库木湖时序变化的气候响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2018.01.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 获取长时间序列的高山内陆湖泊变化信息，对研究高山环境变化和气候变化的响应具有重要的意义。以阿尔金山库木库勒盆地的阿牙克库木湖为研究对象，利用Corona、Landsat、HJ1A/1B等形成的长时间序列遥感数据，分析50 a来湖泊的年度和季节性变化特征，并结合降水、气温等数据分析与气候变化的响应。结果表明：阿牙克库木湖在1964—2015年面积由580.15 km²增加到1 000.70 km²，增长率为8.24 km²·a^-1，并在2014年超越博斯腾湖成为新疆第一大湖。湖泊面积在1964—1995年呈小幅度的萎缩或扩张，面积变幅仅为-0.12km²/年，在1995年以后湖泊呈阶段性的面积扩张，面积突变点分别在2002年、2006年、2010年和2012年，近20年湖泊面积增长率为20.9 km²•a^-1，从1998年后的月度变化曲线来看，湖泊面积月度变化曲线逐年上升，且面积的阶跃变化在2002年、2006年和2010年表现显著。降水变化很好地印证了湖泊面积的阶段性变化，其中湖泊月度面积曲线与月度降水曲线的响应延迟时间由1个月转为2~3个月，湖泊面积在冬季的逐年扩张与冬季气温急升具有很好的线性关系。

关键词: 湖泊面积, 时序分析, 时空变化, 气候变化, 响应, 阿牙克库木湖, 新疆

Abstract: In order to analyze the annual, monthly and spatial characteristics of arid lake extent changes under the impacts of climate change, Ayakkul lake in the Alkin mountains is selected as an example to map the lake area changes and level changes with time-series Corona and Landsat imagery in the last 50 years. The results showed that, Ayakkul lake changes are presented as 3 stages: 1964—2004, 2005—2010 and 2011—2014, and the annual area changing rates are -0.012km2/a, -0.256 km2/a and -4.798km2/a, respectively. The overall lake area shrinking mode is from gentle to significant, and the lake water was firstly found extinct on September 25th, 2014, and its ecological function is weaker and weaker. The seasonal characteristic of Chaiwopu lake extent changes are showed as, lake water extent reach its peak in spring and touch its valley in autumn, and the seasonal changes becomes more obvious when the drastic water area changes happen after 2005. Monthly lake area curves showed that Chaiwopu lake is losing its area rapidly year by year. When it comes to lake water level and spatial boundary, their changes match well with the Chaiwopu lake basin topography, which is represented as “rock-ribbed shore and flat bottom”. Before 2005, water area changes are insignificant while lake water level is significant when lake water volume is decreasing. After 2005, lake water boundaries are shrinking. When they are shrinking to the lake bottom in 2012, the underground water levels have high correlations with water area changes. In the wet years between 1999 and 2004, lake shrinking rate is decreasing and Chaiwopu lake keep its dynamic water balance during that period. Exceeding groundwater exploitation after 1993 is the main reason of lake extinction, leading to ecological disaster in this region

Key words: Lake area, Time-series analysis, Temporal and Spatial Changes, Climate Change, Response, Ayakul lake, Xinjiang

李均力, 白洁, 王亚俊. 1964—2015年阿牙克库木湖时序变化的气候响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(01): 85-95.

Li-Jun-Li, BAI Jie, WANG Ya-Jun. Time series lake area changes of Ayakul Lake and its responses to climate change[J]. , 2018, 35(01): 85-95.

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