土壤调理剂改良风沙土的试验研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2018.05.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为评估多种土壤调理剂(羧甲基纤维素钠、磷石膏和生物炭)对风沙土理化性质及植物生长的影响,以不同比例混合的改良剂和风沙土进行棉花盆栽实验,测定分析土壤理化性质及植物生长状况的变化,并运用主成分分析(PCA)和加权求和相结合的方法,构建改良效果评价体系,从而筛选得到最佳调理剂及其配比。结果表明:与对照相比,风沙土容重和pH减小,孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾增大,全钾含量变化不大;同时棉花株高、基茎和生物量均大幅增加。由综合评价方程计算得出,高灌水量下改良处理综合得分明显高于低灌水量下,高灌水量下生物炭处理综合得分最高,其次为磷石膏处理,羧甲基纤维素钠处理得分最低,综合得分排序为:CG3>CG2>CG1>BG3>BG2>AG3>BG1>AG2>AG1,其中施加生物炭45 g·kg^-1处理的改良效果最好,得分为4.69。

关键词: 风沙土, 土壤调理剂, 主成分分析, 盆栽实验, 棉花

Abstract: This study synthetically evaluated the effects of three kinds of soil conditioner (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,phosphogypsum and biochar) on the physiochemical properties of Aeolian sandy soil and cotton plant growth. A pot experiment was carried out under different ratios of soil conditioner additions,and 12 indexes were determined. The methods of principal component analysis (PCA)and mathematical calculation of weighted summation were used to establish the comprehensive evaluation equation for the improvement effect by calculating the comprehensive score so as to select the best ratio of soil conditioner. The results showed that all three kinds of soil conditioner could be used to decrease the soil bulk density and pH value,increase thesoil porosity and contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium,and slightly change the total potassium content. Moreover,the plant height,basal stem and biomass of cotton were increased substantially. Based on the comprehensive evaluation equation,the comprehensive score under high irrigation was significantly higher than that under low irrigation,and the comprehensive score was in an order of CG3>CG2>CG1>BG3>BG2>AG3>BG1>AG2>AG1. The improvement effect of applying biochar for 45 g·kg^-1 under high irrigation was the best,and its score was the highest (4.69).

Key words: aeolian sandy soil, soil conditioner, principal component analysis, pot experiment, cotton

喜银巧, 赵英, 董正武, 李生宇. 土壤调理剂改良风沙土的试验研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(5): 1075-1083.

XI Yin-qiao, ZHAO Ying, DONG Zheng-wu, LI Sheng-yu. Improvement of Aeolian Sandy Soil by Soil Conditioner[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2018, 35(5): 1075-1083.

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