新疆卡拉麦里山自然保护区社区牧民野生动物保护意识调查

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.04.28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过到冬牧点与牧民面对面访谈,调查新疆卡拉麦里山(简称卡山)自然保护区越冬渡春牧业现况及其对野生动物的影响、冬牧点牧民保护荒漠有蹄类野生动物意识、冬季放牧与野生动物的竞争、生态补偿等方面。结果表明:① 目前,卡山自然保护区社区牧民收入稳中增加者均占各乡(镇)总数的96.67%以上,但传统畜牧业依然是主要的经济来源;② 卡山自然保护区牧民保护荒漠有蹄类野生动物意识较高,认为雪灾和旱灾是影响荒漠有蹄类野生动物生存的主要因素;③ 卡山自然保护区受访牧民普遍感觉冬牧点周围荒漠有蹄类野生动物活动数量、范围等都开始增加,并对野生动物和家畜共存持认可态度;④ 社区牧民愿意定居、限牧乃至禁牧,但需要建立并实施生态补偿和安置补助政策。当地政府应与我部门联合,依托国家和自治区在退牧乃至禁牧等方面的生态补偿和奖补政策,积极推进卡山自然保护区荒漠有蹄类野生动物有效保护和社区牧民经济来源多元化。

关键词: 社区牧民, 野生动物, 保护意识, 调查, 自然保护区, 卡拉麦里山, 新疆

Abstract: The livelihoods of herdsmen and the influence of nomadic activities to the wildlife were investigated through face-to-face interviews with the herdsmen at winter-spring grazing sites in the Karamori Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve.The purposes of the study were to reveal the understanding and awareness of wildlife conservation,competitive relationship between the nomadic herding and wildlife survival,concerns about the ecological compensation and other impacts related to the livelihoods of herdsmen in the nature reserve.The results showed that:① The economic income of 96.67% herdsmen in the nature reserve was steadily increased,and the traditional stock farming was the main economic income.② The herdsmen had strong awareness on wildlife conservation,and the main factors affecting the survival of ungulates in desert were snowstorms and droughts.③ The community herdsmen in the nature reserve thought that the ungulates in the deserts around the winter grazing sites in the nature reserve were increased,and they were optimistic about the coexistence of wildlife and livestock. ④ The community herdsmen in the nature reserve were willing to take actions based on the national policies including settlements,grazing restriction and even grazing prohibition,but the local government should establish and implement the rational ecological compensation and resettlement mechanism after implementing the grazing restriction.

Key words: community herdsman, wildlife, protection awareness, investigation, Ungulate Nature Reserve, Karamori Mountain, Xinjiang

初雯雯, 冯锦, 李凯, 胡德夫, 陈刚, 初红军. 新疆卡拉麦里山自然保护区社区牧民野生动物保护意识调查[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(4): 1024-1031.

CHU Wen-wen, FENG Jin, LI Kai, HU De-fu, CHEN Gang, CHU Hong-jun. Wildlife Protection Awareness of the Community Herdsmen in the Karamori Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(4): 1024-1031.

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