旱塬区全生物降解地膜覆盖对冬小麦生长发育的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.02.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明旱塬区全生物降解地膜(降解地膜)对冬小麦生长发育的影响,于2011—2016年连续5季设普通地膜覆土栽培、降解地膜覆土栽培和露地3个处理,分析冬小麦生育期土壤水分、温度和产量的差异。结果表明:冬小麦全生育期土壤贮水消耗量为露地＞降解地膜＞普通地膜,3个处理耗水高峰期依次为灌浆期、拔节期和返青期;冬小麦播种—拔节期,早、中、晚3个时间段土壤温度表现为降解地膜高于普通地膜和露地,15~20 cm土壤温度为降解地膜较普通地膜处理低0.26 ℃,返青—拔节期地表温度为普通地膜＞降解地膜＞露地;降解地膜在拔节期和收获后0~200 cm土壤硝态氮积累量高于普通地膜,露地差异不显著;降解地膜较普通地膜的冬小麦产量和水分利用效率分别降低3.43%和5.55%;翻耕压埋90 d后降解地膜降解80%以上,135 d后完全降解。因此,旱塬区降解地膜可以替代普通聚乙烯地膜,并用于冬小麦覆土栽培。

关键词: 全生物降解地膜, 土壤水分, 土壤温度, 冬小麦, 产量, 甘肃

Abstract: Three treatments, i.e. the common plastic film mulching with soil cladding cultivation (PM), whole biodegradable plastic film mulching with soil cladding cultivation (JM), and open ground treatment (CK) were carried out in 5 successive years from 2011 to 2016. The purposes of the study were to clarify the effects of biodegradable plastic film mulching on winter wheat growth in arid area, and to analyze the differences of the indexes including soil moisture content and temperature as well as the yield of winter wheat in its different growing periods. The results showed that the soil water consumption varied in an order of CK>JM>PM during the full growth period of winter wheat under different treatments, and the peak water consumption was in an order of pustulation stage>jointing stage>stage of seedling establishment. During the sowing-jointing stage of winter wheat, soil temperature in the morning, afternoon and at night was higher under JM treatment than that under PM and CK treatments. The temperature in soil layer of 15-20 cm in depth under JM treatment was 0.26 ℃ lower than that under PM treatment. From the stage of seedling establishment to jointing stage, the surface temperature under these 3 treatments was in an order of PM>JM>CK. During the jointing stage and after harvesting, the value of nitrate nitrogen accumulation within soil layer of 0-200 cm in depth was higher under JM treatment than that under PM treatment, and there was no significant difference of this index between JM treatment and CK treatment. Compared with the yield and water use efficiency under PM treatment, those under JM treatment were decreased by 3.43% and 5.55%, respectively. Under JM treatment, the 80% biodegradable plastic film was degraded after ploughing and burying for 90 days, and it was completely degraded after ploughing and burying for 135 days. Therefore, the biodegradable film can be used as a substitution of ordinary polyethylene film in cultivating winter wheat in arid area.

Key words: biodegradable plastic film, soil moisture content, soil temperature, winter wheat, yield, Gansu Province

赵刚, 樊廷录, 党翼, 张建军, 李尚中, 王淑英, 程万莉, 王磊. 旱塬区全生物降解地膜覆盖对冬小麦生长发育的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(2): 339-347.

ZHAO Gang, FAN Ting-lu, DANG Yi, ZHANG Jian-jun, LI Shang-zhong, WANG Shu-ying, CHENG Wan-li, WANG Lei. Effects of Biodegradable Plastic Film Mulching on the Growth Winter Wheat on the Loess Plateau Dryland[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(2): 339-347.

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