陇东苹果园生草复合体系土壤水分季节动态

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.01.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 陇东黄土高原半干旱区降雨年际变化较大,且年内分布不均,果园种草实践的优化不仅有助于减少干旱季节牧草对果园土壤水分过度消耗,还会促进其生态涵养效应的更好发挥。为探究种植不同牧草对旱作果园土壤水分季节动态的影响。试验设置4个处理,分别为在苹果园行间种植鸭茅、白三叶和混播牧草(鸭茅和白三叶)及清耕果园。结果表明:春季轻度干旱条件下,种植鸭茅和豆—禾混播牧草会降低果园土壤水分,但种值白三叶对果园土壤水分影响不显著;在夏季经历长期干旱之后,种植牧草显著降低了果园各土层的水分含量;整个生长季种植鸭茅、混播牧草和白三叶果园的蒸散量分别比清耕果园高45.3 mm、55.4 mm和0.7 mm,由此可知,在陇东黄土高原半干旱区苹果园内,不宜种植鸭茅等高耗水的禾本科植物,但可以种植白三叶等耗水少的豆科植物来改善果园环境。该研究结果对于陇东黄土高原旱作果园生草实践的改进具有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 苹果园, 种草, 土壤水分, 蒸发蒸腾, 黄土高原

Abstract: Precipitation in the semiarid area of the Loess Plateau has a large inter-annual variety,and is also unevenly distributed every year.Improvement of forage grass covering pattern could not only reduce the water consumption in drought season,but also promote the ecological conservation benefits.The present work was conducted to investigate the effects of different grass species on soil water distribution in apple orchard.The field experiment was carried out at Qingyang Grassland Agriculture Experiment Station of Lanzhou University under four treatments of different grass species,i.e.Dactylis glomerata,Trifolium repens and mixed planting of these two species.Results showed that to plant orchard grass and the mixture could reduce soil moisture content in different layers in orchard under slight drought in spring,but the effect of planting T.repens on soil moisture content was not significant.During the period with moderate or severe drought in summer,the soil moisture content under forage grass mulching treatment was significantly lower compared with that in the clear tilled orchard.The values of evapotranspiration of the planted D.glomerata,mixed planting and T.repens orchard were 45.3,55.4 and 0.7 mm higher respectively than that of the clean tilled plots in growing season,but the effect of planted T.repens on evapotranspiration in growing season was not significant.Therefore,it is practical to plant the species with low water consumption (such as T.repens) for improving the orchard environment instead of the species with high water consumption (such as D.glomerata) on the semiarid Loess Plateau.

Key words: apple orchard, grass planting, soil moisture content, evapotranspiration, the Loess Plateau

曹铨, 王自奎, 沈禹颖. 陇东苹果园生草复合体系土壤水分季节动态[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(1): 77-84.

CAO Quan, WANG Zi-kui, SHEN Yu-ying. Seasonal Variation of Soil Moisture Content in Apple Orchard and Grass Intercropping System in Longdong[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(1): 77-84.

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