陕北六道沟流域切沟形态复杂性及其类型划分

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.05.27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黄土高原切沟对流域地貌和自然环境造成了深刻影响,研究切沟形态特征有助于揭示其发育过程和演化机理。在陕北六道沟小流域,利用手持GPS测量32条发育典型的切沟,通过研究取得以下结果:① 沟长大于100 m的切沟占调查总数的81.2%。切沟横向扩张程度大于其下切程度,且宽度和深度自沟头和横断面到沟口显著增加(P＜0.05);② 与形状指数相比,计盒维数对切沟分支和边缘破碎信息表达效果更佳;③ 根据切沟分支情况,其形态可分为线型、沟头扩展型、沟头分支型和沟底分支型4种类型。总之,从主沟和支沟的空间联系、支沟沟长占比和对切沟类型划分而言,支沟是重新认识切沟和流域破碎地貌不可忽视的重要组成部分。

关键词: 侵蚀沟, 形态, 分形维数, 切沟类型, 六道沟, 黄土高原

Abstract: The appearance and development of permanent gullies considerably change the catchment geomorphology and natural environment in the Loess Plateau.Research on gully morphology is beneficial to understand the development process and evolvement mechanism of gullies.Through a field survey in 32 typical gullies in the Liudaogou minor drainage basin with portable GPS,the morphological characteristics and the main results are as follows: ① The number of gully >100 m in length accounted for 81.2%.The widening extent of the gullies was larger than their deepening.Specifically,the width of the gullies was two times higher than their depth.Moreover,the mean width and depth were significantly different among the head-cut,cross-section and outlet of the gullies; ② Inconsistent information was achieved from the box dimension and the shape index.In comparison,the box dimension was sufficient in expressing the shape complex of gullies,which ranged from 1.011 to 1.293 in this study; ③ According to the incorporated gully branch information,the permanent gullies were divided into four types: linear,head-expanded,head-branched and outlet-branched.In view of the spatial links between the main and branched gullies,the branches of the permanent gullies would be important for recognizing the gullies and understanding the fragmentation of the drainage basins.

Key words: erosional gully, geomorphology, fractal dimension, gully type, Liudaogou minor drainage basin, Loess Plateau

赵影, 董爽, 贾玉华. 陕北六道沟流域切沟形态复杂性及其类型划分[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(5): 1292-1299.

ZHAO Ying, DONG Shuang, JIA Yu-hua. Morphological Complex and Classification of Gullies in the Liudaogou Minor Drainage Basin in North Shaanxi Province[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(5): 1292-1299.

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