晋西黄土区不同林龄刺槐人工林土壤磷组分特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.04.07

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 646-657.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.04.07

晋西黄土区不同林龄刺槐人工林土壤磷组分特征

陆善洪¹(), 毕华兴¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 赵丹阳¹, 管凝¹, 韩金丹¹

1.北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083
2.林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室，北京 100083
3.山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，北京 100083
4.水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室/北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心/林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心（北京林业大学），北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-11-10 修回日期:2025-03-05 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-10
通讯作者: 毕华兴. E-mail: bhx@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:陆善洪（2001-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事林业生态工程研究. E-mail: lushanhong@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发课题(2022YFF1300401)

Patterns of soil phosphorous fractions across a chronosequence of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations in the loess region of western Shanxi Province

LU Shanhong¹(), BI Huaxing¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), ZHAO Danyang¹, GUAN Ning¹, HAN Jindan¹

1. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
3. Ji County Station, Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network (CNERN), Beijing 100083, China
4. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Soil and Water Conservation/Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation/Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering. Ministry of Education (Beijing Forestry University), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-11-10 Revised:2025-03-05 Published:2025-04-15 Online:2025-04-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以晋西黄土区吉县蔡家川流域不同林龄（18 a、22 a、26 a、30 a、33 a、40 a）刺槐人工林为研究对象，使用Hedley磷素分级方法，探究不同林龄刺槐人工林0~100 cm土层土壤磷组分（H₂O-P、NaHCO₃-P、NaOH-P、D.HCl-P、C.HCl-P、Residual-P）分布模式，明晰不同林龄刺槐林地土壤磷组分变化并探讨土壤理化性质对土壤磷组分变化的影响。结果表明：（1）不同林龄刺槐林地0~100 cm土壤深度下的平均土壤全磷含量为：30 a（590.44 mg·kg^-1）>26 a（571.68 mg·kg^-1）>22 a（527.05 mg·kg^-1）>18 a（517.83 mg·kg^-1）>33 a（490.71 mg·kg^-1）>40 a（464.49 mg·kg^-1）；6个林龄中土壤磷组分占比为：稳定态磷>残留态磷>中等活性态磷>活性态磷。（2）土壤磷各组分则呈现出先增加后减少的趋势，30 a刺槐林的土壤磷各组分含量最大。随着土层深度增加，土壤全磷及土壤磷组分的含量均减少。（3）冗余分析结果显示，土壤全氮含量和土壤pH分别是影响土壤磷组分变化的主要因素。造林初期的刺槐林土壤磷组分逐渐积累，在中林龄时达到高峰，随着林龄的增长磷的限制效应逐渐增强，达到成熟后土壤磷组分逐渐下降。因此，从磷分含量限制的角度而言，在30 a时适当施用磷肥可改善晋西黄土区刺槐人工林后期的磷缺乏问题。

关键词: 土壤磷组分, 森林土壤, 刺槐, 晋西黄土区

Abstract:

This study examines Robinia pseudoacacia plantations of different stand ages (18, 22, 26, 30, 33, and 40 years) in the Caijiachuan watershed of Jixian County, located in the Loess Plateau region of western Shanxi. Using the Hedley phosphorous fractionation method, we investigated the distribution patterns of soil phosphorous fractions (H₂O-P, NaHCO₃-P, NaOH-P, D.HCl-P, C.HCl-P, and Residual-P) in the 0-100 cm soil layer across different stand ages. This study clarifies how soil phosphorous fractions change with stand age and explores the influence of soil physicochemical properties on these changes. The results showed that the average total phosphorous content at 0-100 cm soil depth followed this trend: 30 a (590.44 mg·kg^-1)>26 a (571.68 mg·kg^-1)>22 a (527.05 mg·kg^-1)>18 a (517.83 mg·kg^-1)>33 a (490.71 mg·kg^-1)>40 a (464.49 mg·kg^-1). The distribution of phosphorous fractions in the soil followed the order: stable phosphorous>residual phosphorous>moderately active phosphorous>active phosphorous. Each phosphorous fraction initially increased and then decreased with stand age, peaking in the 30-year-old plantation. Additionally, as the soil depth increased, both total phosphorous and phosphorous fractions decreased. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil total nitrogen content and soil pH were the primary factors influencing the phosphorous fraction variations. These findings suggest that in the early stages of afforestation, soil phosphorous fractions gradually accumulate in R. pseudoacacia plantations, peaking at middle stand ages. However, as the stand age increases, phosphorous limitation becomes more pronounced, leading to a gradual decline in phosphorous fractions after maturing. Therefore, from the perspective of phosphorous limitation, appropriate phosphorous fertilization at around 30 years of age can effectively mitigate phosphorous deficiency in mature R. pseudoacacia plantations in the Loess Plateau region of western Shanxi Province.

Key words: soil phosphorous fractions, forest soil, Robinia pseudoacacia, loess region of western Shanxi Province

陆善洪, 毕华兴, 赵丹阳, 管凝, 韩金丹. 晋西黄土区不同林龄刺槐人工林土壤磷组分特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(4): 646-657.

LU Shanhong, BI Huaxing, ZHAO Danyang, GUAN Ning, HAN Jindan. Patterns of soil phosphorous fractions across a chronosequence of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations in the loess region of western Shanxi Province[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(4): 646-657.

图/表 10

图1

表1

不同林龄刺槐人工林样地基本信息"

样地编号	经度	纬度	林龄/a	坡向	坡度 /（°）	海拔 /m	密度 /（株·hm^-2）	平均树高 /m	平均胸径 /cm	地上生物量/（g·m^-2）	地下生物量/（g·m^-2）	凋落物生物量/（g·m^-2）
1	110°45′35″E	36°16′15″N	18	阳坡	17	1021	1750	8.05±1.51	7.73±1.84	125.85	19.55	149.37
2	110°45′26″E	36°16′13″N		阳坡	20	1091	1525	7.95±1.32	8.03±1.57	155.04	20.32	150.12
3	110°45′43″E	36°16′23″N		阳坡	22	970	1500	7.68±1.52	7.93±1.43	133.57	19.76	149.84
4	110°45′25″E	36°16′22″N	22	阳坡	18	1107	1700	8.30±1.49	8.55±2.41	179.52	21.12	151.52
5	110°45′20″E	36°16′18″N		阳坡	23	1150	1550	8.75±1.43	8.85±1.40	182.49	21.40	151.94
6	110°45′17″E	36°15′53″N		阳坡	19	1040	1525	8.55±1.72	8.66±1.53	180.35	21.34	151.84
7	110°44′16″E	36°16′19″N	26	阳坡	19	1149	1625	9.08±1.79	9.13±2.60	206.52	22.56	176.25
8	110°44′18″E	36°16′35″N		阳坡	22	1200	1525	9.50±1.56	9.63±2.00	210.35	22.85	181.34
9	110°44′21″E	36°16′53″N		阳坡	20	1220	1350	9.35±1.70	9.30±1.56	213.84	22.96.	182.01
10	110°44′04″E	36°16′37″N	30	阳坡	25	1173	1600	10.21±2.47	10.21±2.47	231.38	23.02	254.07
11	110°44′12″E	36°16′19″N		阳坡	22	1235	1450	10.11±1.87	10.30±1.45	235.48	23.32	255.52
12	110°44′10″E	36°16′42″N		阳坡	24	1200	1525	10.51±2.05	10.82±1.71	230.37	23.51	254.38
13	110°44′05″E	36°14′31″N	33	阳坡	27	1174	1600	11.11±1.57	11.11±1.57	263.64	24.49	256.01
14	110°44′03″E	36°14′45″N		阳坡	25	1210	1625	11.71±1.47	11.61±1.07	260.75	24.12	255.74
15	110°44′05″E	36°14′40″N		阳坡	27	1140	1550	12.21±2.20	11.33±1.63	267.33	25.07	256.14
16	110°44′28″E	36°14′43″N	40	阳坡	24	1232	1550	13.95±2.28	13.05±1.28	296.85	36.49	305.26
17	110°44′24″E	36°14′39″N		阳坡	28	1050	1626	14.05±2.80	13.35±1.35	295.64	36.10	304.95
18	110°46′13″E	36°16′13″N		阳坡	18	1226	1400	13.75±1.88	13.57±1.18	299.37	36.99	307.24

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

0~100 cm土层下不同林龄刺槐人工林基本土壤理化性质"

指标	土层深度 /cm	林龄/a
指标	土层深度 /cm	18	22	26	30	33	40
SOC/（g·kg^-1）	0~20	5.660±1.147a	3.726±0.577c	4.192±0.176bc	4.450±0.560bc	6.346±0.295a	5.168±0.604ab
	20~40	3.217±0.195bc	3.868±0.407b	2.353±0.190d	3.390±0.764b	5.064±0.531a	2.496±0.163cd
	40~60	2.784±0.257b	4.245±0.885a	1.703±0.046c	3.427±0.786ab	3.572±0.081ab	1.697±0.614c
	60~80	2.028±0.981bc	3.529±1.294ab	1.664±0.384c	3.877±1.201a	3.533±0.839ab	1.577±0.077c
	80~100	1.838±0.351b	2.818±0.901a	1.558±0.181b	2.906±0.480a	3.227±0.439a	0.948±0.127b
TN/（g·kg^-1）	0~20	0.625±0.041a	0.652±0.107a	0.683±0.050a	0.647±0.179a	0.616±0.036a	0.620±0.032a
	20~40	0.516±0.051a	0.618±0.185a	0.530±0.130a	0.657±0.122a	0.522±0.198a	0.396±0.084a
	40~60	0.366±0.056a	0.470±0.233a	0.399±0.029a	0.486±0.095a	0.448±0.056a	0.299±0.068a
	60~80	0.336±0.095ab	0.466±0.057a	0.366±0.017ab	0.375±0.118ab	0.377±0.043ab	0.281±0.016b
	80~100	0.324±0.031ab	0.379±0.079a	0.341±0.021a	0.353±0.072a	0.236±0.062bc	0.206±0.029c
pH	0~20	8.263±0.025a	8.148±0.018a	8.092±0.015a	7.867±0.015a	7.790±0.028a	7.762±0.020a
	20~40	8.275±0.025a	8.158±0.023a	8.120±0.020a	7.910±0.020a	7.837±0.021a	7.800±0.018a
	40~60	8.281±0.018a	8.197±0.015a	8.130±0.010a	7.950±0.026a	7.883±0.018a	7.820±0.018a
	60~80	8.287±0.015a	8.247±0.018a	8.133±0.021a	7.993±0.015a	7.910±0.020a	7.850±0.021a
	80~100	8.313±0.021a	8.283±0.015a	8.141±0.012a	8.027±0.015a	7.960±0.015a	7.850±0.021a
SWC/%	0~20	18.296±0.362a	15.056±0.300b	14.331±0.271bc	12.156±1.810d	13.917±0.579bc	13.508±0.011cd
	20~40	12.777±0.062a	9.484±0.261c	7.957±0.071e	8.468±0.064d	8.644±0.023d	10.252±0.135b
	40~60	7.360±0.025e	9.011±0.289b	7.607±0.430de	7.979±0.137d	9.488±0.003a	8.466±0.069c
	60~80	7.523±0.022d	9.083±0.748ab	8.794±0.122ab	7.821±0.720cd	9.473±0.478a	8.446±0.069bc
	80~100	7.287±0.076c	8.198±0.462b	8.203±0.126b	8.391±0.642b	9.624±0.099a	8.479±0.166b
BD/（g·cm^-3）	0~20	1.076±0.012b	1.073±0.013b	1.051±0.097b	1.095±0.045b	1.213±0.039a	1.146±0.043ab
	20~40	1.188±0.001bc	1.127±0.050c	1.229±0.083b	1.359±0.010a	1.335±0.000a	1.185±0.050bc
	40~60	1.156±0.015b	1.112±0.017b	1.352±0.004a	1.324±0.025a	1.324±0.027a	1.328±0.078a
	60~80	1.254±0.045c	1.114±0.107b	1.313±0.019ab	1.398±0.059a	1.298±0.036ab	1.318±0.035ab
	80~100	1.225±0.020ab	1.272±0.166ab	1.353±0.015a	1.284±0.060ab	1.197±0.048b	1.307±0.018ab

表2

图6

图7

表3

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晋西黄土区不同林龄刺槐人工林土壤磷组分特征

Patterns of soil phosphorous fractions across a chronosequence of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations in the loess region of western Shanxi Province

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解释变量	不同林龄			不同土层
解释变量	解释量/%	F	P	解释量/%	F	P
TN	42.2	10.1	0.002^*	8.2	1.0	0.414
pH	26.9	20.6	0.002^*	68.9	7.9	0.002^*
SWC	21.9	7.3	0.008^*	4.9	0.5	0.712
SOC	7.7	9.4	0.002^*	13.0	1.6	0.178
BD	1.5	1.9	0.138	5.0	0.6	0.696

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