塔里木盆地夏季云水资源时空特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.02.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

空中云水含量对于改善区域水资源具有重要的影响，利用1979—2022年ERA-5逐月再分析资料和EOF分解等方法，深入分析了塔里木盆地夏季云水资源的时空分布特征。结果表明：（1）塔里木盆地大气水汽含量呈西多东少、北部略多于南部的空间分布特征，盆地整层水汽含量近44 a呈增加趋势。（2）EOF两个模态显示，夏季盆地水汽输送主要以全区一致型为主，西南部多东北部少型次之。（3）盆地夏季总云量、云水含量呈南北多，中间少的分布，山区云量多于绿洲和沙漠区。盆地夏季云冰水含量北部多于南部，云液水含量南部多于北部。盆地云液水含量最大集中在帕米尔高原，云冰水含量峰值位于天山山区。（4）昆仑山山区及昆仑山北坡地区以含水性中低云为主，天山山区云水厚度更深且云冰水含量较大。2000年后昆仑山、昆仑山北坡云水含量呈明显增加趋势，天山山区云水含量呈减少趋势。研究结果可为塔里木盆地开展空中云水含量评估和人工影响天气作业提供一定的科学依据。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 水汽含量, 云水含量, 空间分布, 时间变化

Abstract:

Scientifically assessing cloud water resources and studying the distribution and evolution of cloud water resources is of great significance to guide the local weather modification work, accelerate the development and utilization of aerial water resources, and alleviate water shortage. In this study, the monthly reanalysis data of ERA-5 from 1979 to 2022 and the EOF decomposition method were used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of cloud water resources in the Tarim Basin in summer. The following results were revealed. (1) Regarding spatial distribution, the atmospheric water vapor content in the Tarim Basin was higher in the west, lower in the east, and slightly higher in the north than in the south. The water vapor content of the whole layer in the basin displayed an increasing trend in the past 44 years. (2) The two modes of EOF revealed that the water vapor transport in the basin in summer was mainly consistent in the whole region, followed by more water vapor transport in the southwest and less in the northeast. (3) The total cloud cover and cloud water content in summer were higher in the north and south and lower in the middle of the Tarim Basin, and the cloud cover in the mountainous areas was higher than that in the oasis and desert areas. Meanwhile, the cloud ice water content in the north was higher than that in the south of the basin in summer, and the cloud liquid water content in the south was higher than that in the north. The largest cloud liquid water content in the basin was concentrated in the Pamir Plateau, and the peak value of the cloud ice water content was located in the Tianshan Mountains. (4) The mountainous areas and the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains were dominated by water-bearing medium and low clouds. In contrast, the cloud water thickness in the Tianshan Mountains was deeper, and the cloud ice water content was larger. A significant increase in cloud water content was observed in the mountainous areas of the Kunlun Mountains and the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains, while a decrease was observed in the Tianshan Mountains after 2000. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for assessing aerial cloud water content and weather modification operations in the Tarim Basin.

Key words: Tarim Basin, water vapor content, cloud water content, spatial distribution, time variation

马超, 刘艳, 刘晶, 杨莲梅. 塔里木盆地夏季云水资源时空特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(2): 223-235.

MA Chao, LIU Yan, LIU Jing, YANG Lianmei. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of cloud water resources in the Tarim Basin in summer[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(2): 223-235.

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类型	个数/个	年份
全区偏多型	14	1982，1986，1987，1989，1992，1994，1995，1998，2004，2007，2012，2013，2020，2021
全区偏少型	12	1980，1984，1985，1988，1990，1991，1999，2000，2008，2011，2015，2018
西南多东北少型	12	1979，1981，1983，1997，2001，2002，2003，2006，2009，2010，2017，2019
西南少东北多型	6	1996，2005，2014，2016，2018，1993