祁连山中部一次层状云降水云微物理特征的飞机观测研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.02.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用飞机探测数据，对2022年8月27日祁连山中部一次层状降水云系的微物理特征进行了分析。结果表明：不同高度层、不同区域的云微物理特征有明显差异。云中过冷水含量随高度升高而减少，在-6~-3 ℃层，平均过冷水含量为0.05 g·m^-3，在-15~-12 ℃的高层，过冷水含量仅为0.015 g·m^-3，不到低层的1/3；凇附过程对各高度层粒子增长起重要作用，云中粒子平均直径可达几百微米，凇附和聚合过程共同作用，使粒子谱宽可达6 mm以上；-6~-3 ℃层粒子平均直径小于其上层粒子，这可能是大粒子下落蒸发、破碎造成的。在山脉西南侧，携带大量水汽的低层偏南气流遇地形抬升凝结、产生大量云滴，小粒子浓度比山脉东北侧高一个量级、过冷水含量也更高；山脉西南侧粒子以过冷云滴和霰粒子为主，聚合作用不明显、粒子数浓度更高；东北侧以聚合状冰粒子和霰粒子为主，小粒子浓度低导致粒子平均尺度更大。

关键词: 云微物理特征, 飞机探测, 地形层状云, 祁连山

Abstract:

The microphysical characteristics of a stratiform precipitation cloud in the central Qilian Mountains on August 27, 2022, were analyzed through aircraft measurements. The results revealed significant differences in the cloud microphysical characteristics with different altitudes and regions. The supercooled liquid water content decreased as the altitude increased. In the -6 ℃ to -3 ℃ layer, the mean supercooled liquid water content was about 0.05 g·m^-3, while in the higher layer of -15 ℃ to -12 ℃, the supercooled liquid water content was only 0.015 g·m^-3, less than one-third of the lower layer. The riming process is essential in the growth of particles at all altitudes, with the mean diameter of the particles in the cloud reaching several hundred micrometers. Combining riming and aggregation processes can result in a particle spectrum width of over 6 mm. The mean diameter of the particles in the -6 ℃ to -3 ℃ layer was smaller than that in the upper layer, which may be caused by the evaporation and fragmentation of large particles while falling. On the mountain’s southwestern side, the low-level southerly wind with moisture lifted by the topography resulted in condensation and the production of numerous cloud droplets. The small particle concentration on the mountain’s southwestern side is one order of magnitude higher than that on the northeastern side, and the supercooled liquid water content is also higher. On the mountain’s southwestern side, the cloud particles are mainly supercooled cloud droplets and graupel particles; the aggregation process is not obvious, and the particle concentration is high. On the northeastern side, aggregated ice particles and graupels dominate, and the low concentration of small particles leads to a larger mean size of cloud particles.

Key words: cloud microphysical characteristics, aircraft observation, orographic stratiform clouds, Qilian Mountains

付双喜, 亓鹏, 常祎, 把黎, 陈祺. 祁连山中部一次层状云降水云微物理特征的飞机观测研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(2): 212-222.

FU Shuangxi, QI Peng, CHANG Yi, BA Li, CHEN Qi. Aircraft observation of the cloud microphysical characteristics of stratocumulus precipitation in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(2): 212-222.

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设备名称	探测范围	分辨率
云和气溶胶粒子谱仪（CAS）	0.54~50 μm	0.7~5 μm
云粒子成像仪（CIP）	25~1550 μm	25 μm
降水粒子成像仪（PIP）	100~6200 μm	100 μm
热线含水量仪（Hotwire_LWC）	0~3 g·m^-3	-
飞机综合气象要素测量系统（AIMMS20）	温度、海拔、空气流速、经纬度等

	LWC/(g·m^-3)		D_CIP/μm		D_PIP/μm
	东北	西南	东北	西南	东北	西南
-15~-12 ℃	0.015	0.014	418.35	396.04	478.85	525.54
-9~-6 ℃	0.028	-	386.33	-	721.21	-
-6~-3 ℃	0.043	0.056	363.37	187.46	598.08	418.18

	N_CAS/L^-1		N_CIP/L^-1		N_PIP/L^-1
	东北	西南	东北	西南	东北	西南
-15~-12 ℃	1094.66	1306.31	5.36	127.74	1.00	30.00
-9~-6 ℃	6567.96	-	10.83	-	0.60	-
-6~-3 ℃	3100.97	25828.10	2.97	6.19	0.44	0.25