1960—2020年黄河流域不同等级降水时空特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.08.01

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 1259-1271.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.08.01 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2024.08.01

1960—2020年黄河流域不同等级降水时空特征

袁征¹(), 张志高², 闫瑾², 刘嘉毅², 胡柱钰², 王赟³, 蔡茂堂⁴()

1.安阳工学院数学与信息科学学院，河南安阳 455000
2.安阳师范学院资源环境与旅游学院，河南安阳 455000
3.定西市气象局，甘肃定西 743000
4.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-01-08 修回日期:2024-04-15 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-08-22
通讯作者: 蔡茂堂. E-mail: Caimaotang@126.com
作者简介:袁征(1988-)，女，讲师，主要从事气候变化与气候统计研究. E-mail: yz_12250804@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42272112);河南省科技攻关项目(232102320024);河南省科技攻关项目(232102321109);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2022BJJ003);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(23A170008);安阳市科技发展计划项目(2022C01NY019)

Spatiotemporal characteristics of different grades of precipitation in Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020

YUAN Zheng¹(), ZHANG Zhigao², YAN Jin², LIU Jiayi², HU Zhuyu², WANG Yun³, CAI Maotang⁴()

1. School of Mathematical and Information Science, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
2. School of Resources Environment and Tourism, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
3. Dingxi Meteorological Office of Gansu, Dingxi 743000, Gansu, China
4. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2024-01-08 Revised:2024-04-15 Published:2024-08-15 Online:2024-08-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄河流域是我国重要的生态脆弱区，明确流域不同等级降水量与降水天数、降水强度之间的关系，可为揭示流域降水规律提供基础信息。基于1960—2020年黄河流域96个气象站点降水资料，采用数理统计和Pearson相关分析等方法对流域不同等级降水时空演变特征进行了分析，探讨了不同等级降水对总降水的贡献和影响。结果表明：近61 a黄河流域年降水量和降水强度分别以0.008 mm·(10a)^-1和0.12 mm·d^-1·(10a)^-1（P<0.01）的倾向率增加，降水日数以-1.82 d·(10a)^-1的倾向率减少（P<0.01），小雨和中雨量与日数均呈减少趋势，大雨、暴雨和大暴雨量与日数均呈上升趋势，各等级降水强度均呈增加趋势。近61 a小雨发生率最高为84.32%，小雨贡献率最大，为37.64%；中雨次之，为34.47%；小雨发生率（P<0.01）和贡献率呈减少趋势，大雨以上降水发生率和贡献率呈增加趋势。黄河流域小雨量、小雨日数和小雨强度在西南部形成高值中心，随着降水等级的增加，降水量、降水日数和降水强度的高值区域主要集中在流域东南部。相关分析表明，黄河流域年总降水量受中雨和大雨量影响较大，年总降水日数受小雨日数影响较大，年总降水强度受大雨和暴雨量及其降水日数的影响较大。研究结果可为流域生态保护提供参考。

关键词: 降水等级, 时空变化, 降水强度, 气候倾向率, 黄河流域

Abstract:

The Yellow River Basin is an important ecologically fragile area in China. The clarification of the relationship between different levels of precipitation, precipitation days, and precipitation intensity in the basin is important to characterize the precipitation patterns in the basin. Using precipitation data collected from 96 meteorological stations in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of different grades of precipitation in the basin were analyzed using mathematical statistics and Pearson correlation analysis, and the contribution and impact of different grades of precipitation on the total precipitation were discussed. In the studied recent 61-year period, the annual precipitation and precipitation intensity in the Yellow River Basin followed increasing trends with rates of 0.008 mm·(10a)^-1 and 0.12 mm·d^-1·(10a)^-1, respectively. The number of precipitation days followed a decreasing trend with a rate of -1.82 d·(10a)^-1. The rainfall and days of light rain and moderate rain followed a downward trend; the amount and number of days of heavy rain, rainstorm, and heavy rainstorm followed an upward trend, and the precipitation intensity of each grade followed an increasing trend. Over the recent 61-year studied period, the highest occurrence rate of light rain was 84.32%, with the highest contribution rate from light rain (37.64%) followed by moderate rain (34.47%). The occurrence rate and contribution rate of light rain followed decreasing trends, whereas the occurrence rate and contribution rate of precipitation of heavy rain followed increasing trends. The areas with high values of light precipitation, light precipitation days, and light precipitation intensity were mainly concentrated in the southwest of the basin. As the precipitation level increased, the areas with high precipitation, precipitation days, and precipitation intensity were mainly concentrated in the southeast of the basin. Correlation analysis revealed that the annual precipitation of the Yellow River Basin was strongly affected by moderate and heavy rainfall, the annual precipitation days were strongly affected by the light rain days, and the annual precipitation intensity was strongly affected by the amount of heavy rain, rainstorm, and precipitation days. These findings can support ecological protection in the basin.

Key words: precipitation grade, spatio-temporal variation, precipitation intensity, climate inclination rate, Yellow River Basin

袁征, 张志高, 闫瑾, 刘嘉毅, 胡柱钰, 王赟, 蔡茂堂. 1960—2020年黄河流域不同等级降水时空特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(8): 1259-1271.

YUAN Zheng, ZHANG Zhigao, YAN Jin, LIU Jiayi, HU Zhuyu, WANG Yun, CAI Maotang. Spatiotemporal characteristics of different grades of precipitation in Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(8): 1259-1271.

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地区		上游			中游			下游
地区		降水量 /mm	降水日数/d	降水强度 /(mm·d^-1)	降水量	降水日数	降水强度 /(mm·d^-1)	降水量	降水日数	降水强度 /(mm·d^-1)
小雨	均值	201.56	87.37	2.26	179.69	74.79	2.41	149.92	61.6	2.43
小雨	倾向率	0.85	-1.11^*	0.04^**	-3.45^*	-2.28^**	0.03^**	-2.22^*	-2.69^**	0.04^**
中雨	均值	147.04	9.93	14.66	192.72	12.38	15.5	178.06	11.23	15.69
中雨	倾向率	2.41	0.15	0.06	-2.27	-0.18	0.03	-1.02	-0.06	-0.1
大雨	均值	45.27	1.42	21.57	123.62	3.63	32.03	176.84	5.14	33.84
大雨	倾向率	1.26	0.03	0.44	1.22	0.04	0.13	-0.42	-0.02	-0.2
暴雨	均值	9.12	0.15	7.59	46.01	0.72	30.94	129.38	1.94	54.83
暴雨	倾向率	-0.49	-0.01	-0.17	1.56	0.02	0.36	-1.02	-0.01	-1.16
大暴雨	均值	1.21	0.01	0.93	7	0.06	6.69	51.15	0.38	39.67
大暴雨	倾向率	-0.36	-0.002	-0.2	0.22	0.001	0.13	1.77	0.01	1.48

地区	上游		中游		下游
地区	贡献率/%	发生率/%	贡献率/%	发生率/%	贡献率/%	发生率/%
小雨	49.53	88.31	33.18	81.65	24.32	77.72
中雨	35.61	9.91	35.29	13.52	27.43	13.76
大雨	11.77	1.57	22.16	3.99	25.07	5.96
暴雨	2.77	0.2	8.18	0.78	16.85	2.15
大暴雨	0.32	0.01	1.2	0.06	6.33	0.41

降水指标		年总降水量	年总降水日数	年总降水强度
降水量	小雨	0.806^**	-	0.096
	中雨	0.924^**	-	0.512^**
	大雨	0.906^**	-	0.673^**
	暴雨	0.665^**	-	0.628^**
	大暴雨	0.319^*	-	0.285^*
降水日数	小雨	-	0.981^**	-0.236
	中雨	-	0.730^**	0.480^**
	大雨	-	0.575^**	0.667^**
	暴雨	-	0.342^**	0.638^**
	大暴雨	-	0.130	0.286^*

1960—2020年黄河流域不同等级降水时空特征

Spatiotemporal characteristics of different grades of precipitation in Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020

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