矿井水对荒漠草原土壤微生物群落结构及多样性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究矿井水排放对荒漠草原土壤微生物群落结构及多样性的影响,以宁夏干旱风沙区矿井水排放地的荒漠草原为研究对象,通过高通量测序分析矿井水排放湖泊沿岸水滨区域（MJTA）、近岸陆域（MJTB）和自然区域（MJTC）土壤中0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层中细菌和真菌群落组成,结合土壤理化因子等生境因素,揭示矿井水干扰对土壤微生物群落结构组成及多样性影响的主要因素。结果表明：（1）矿井水排放显著改变了土壤细菌和真菌的群落组成,对土壤细菌和真菌群落门水平相对丰度差异影响显著。（2）水滨区域、近岸陆域和自然区域中主要优势细菌门均为放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）,主要优势细菌属均为: norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__MB-A2-108;水滨区域、近岸陆域和自然区域中主要优势真菌门均为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）,水滨区域主要优势真菌属为unclassified_c__Sordariomycetes,近岸陆域和自然区域主要优势真菌属为光黑壳属（Preussia）。（3）矿井水外排导致荒漠草原水滨区域土壤盐分、水分显著高于近岸陆域和自然区域,盐分抑制了土壤细菌和真菌的生长,但同时促进了研究区嗜盐碱细菌的富集。（4）水滨区域土壤细菌和真菌多样性与丰富度均显著低于自然区域,进一步说明矿井水对土壤细菌和真菌丰富度与多样性影响显著;不同土层土壤细菌和真菌的丰富度与多样性差异较小;土壤环境因子与土壤细菌和真菌多样性分析表明土壤盐分、含水量、有机碳和pH是影响荒漠草原土壤细菌和真菌群落多样性的主要影响因子。

关键词: 矿井水, 荒漠草原, 土壤, 微生物群落, 高通量测序

Abstract:

To investigate the influence of mine water discharge on soil microbial community structure and diversity in the desert grasslands of Ningxia, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the composition of bacteria and fungi communities in the 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil layers along the shore, near-shore land, and natural areas of the mine water discharge lake. The main factors of the mine water influencing the soil microbial community structure and diversity were revealed by combining these factors with soil physical, soil chemical, and other habitat factors. The results show that the mine drainage in the study area significantly changed the community composition of soil bacteria and fungi as well as the relative abundance of the soil bacteria and fungi. The main dominant phyla of bacteria in the shoreland, coastal land, and natural areas were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, and the main dominant genus of bacteria was norrank_f_norrank _ o _ norrank _ c _ MB-A2-108. Ascomycetes was the main dominant phylum of fungi in the shoreland, coastal land, and natural areas, whereas unclassified_c_Sordariomycetes and Preussia were dominant in the shoreland area and the coastal land and natural areas, respectively. The drainage of mine water leads to significantly higher soil salinity and moisture in the waterfront area of desert grassland than in the coastal land and natural areas. Salt was found to inhibit the growth of soil bacteria and fungi but, at the same time, promoted the enrichment of halophilic bacteria in the study area. The diversity and richness of soil bacteria and fungi in shoreland areas are significantly lower than the corresponding values in natural areas, which further shows that mine water has a significant impact on the richness and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi. There was little difference in the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the different soil layers. The analysis of soil environmental factors along with the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi showed that soil salinity, water content, organic carbon, and pH are the main influencing factors on the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi in the desert grasslands of Ningxia.

Key words: mine water, desert steppe, soil, microbial community, high throughput sequencing

牟红霞,刘秉儒,李子豪,李国旗,麻冬梅. 矿井水对荒漠草原土壤微生物群落结构及多样性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1618-1630.

MOU Hongxia,LIU Bingru,LI Zihao,LI Guoqi,MA Dongmei. Effects of mine water on soil microbial community structure and diversity in desert steppe[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1618-1630.

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