磷肥滴施条件下土壤温度对棉花生长的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.06.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究磷肥滴施条件下棉花生长对土壤温度的响应，旨在探索土壤温度调控棉花根系生长对提高棉花磷肥利用率方面的作用及机理。采用盆栽试验，设置三个土壤温度梯度：低温（LT：11~18 ℃）、中温（MT：22~26 ℃）和高温（HT：30~34 ℃），单因素试验，水浴锅控温。分析不同土壤温度对棉花生长性状、生物量、根系分布、土壤有效磷分布和棉花磷素利用效率的影响。结果表明：随着土壤温度的提高，棉花株高、茎粗、叶片数和生物量均表现出抛物线变化趋势，在中温（22~26 ℃）时最大；0~5 cm土层棉花根系长度随土壤温度的增加而增加，高温处理下较低温和中温处理分别高5.2%~126.9%、4.9%~62.3%，5 cm土层以下，棉花根长随温度增加而减少，其中，中温处理根长最长，比低温和高温处理分别高81.68%~98.43%、170.17%~218.35%；各处理土壤有效磷含量表现为温度越高土壤有效磷含量越低，中温和高温处理较低温处理分别降低了13.7%和20.5%；中温处理棉花磷素吸收量和磷素利用率均最高，低温次之，高温最低，其中，中温棉花磷素吸收量比低温和高温处理分别高49.69%、89.36%，磷素利用率分别比高温和低温处理高了一倍和50%。综合考虑土壤温度对棉花生长、根长和土壤有效磷分布、棉花磷素吸收量和磷素利用率的影响，适宜棉花生长并提高磷素利用效率的土壤温度范围为22~26 ℃。

关键词: 土壤温度, 棉花, 滴施磷肥, 磷肥利用率

Abstract:

This study examines cotton growth affected by soil temperature under the condition of phosphate fertilizer drip application. It also explores the role and mechanism of soil temperature regulation of cotton root growth on improving the utilization rate of cotton phosphate fertilizer. Using potted tests, three soil temperature gradients were examined: low temperature (LT: 11-18 ℃), medium temperature (MT: 22-26 ℃), and high temperature (HT: 30-34 ℃). Single factor testing with water bath temperature control was utilized. The effects of various soil temperatures on the growth traits, biomass, root distribution, effective soil phosphorus distribution, and phosphate utilization efficiency in cotton were assessed. As soil temperature increased, cotton plant height, stem thickness, leaf number and biomass all showed parabolic changes that peaked in the medium temperature (22-26 ℃) group. Additionally, root length in the 0 to 5 cm soil layer increased with soil temperature, most notably with high temperature treatment, followed by low temperature and medium temperature treatments increasing by 5.2%-126.9% and 4.9%-62.3%, respectively. Below the 5 cm soil layer, root length decreased with increasing temperature, with the medium temperature treatment having the longest root length, 81.68%-98.43%, which was 170.17%-218.35% longer than the low temperature and high temperature treatment, respectively. The effective P content of each treatment increased with lower temperatures, with the medium and high temperature treatment content being 13.7% and 20.5% lower than the low temperature treatment, respectively. Phosphorus absorption and phosphate utilization were maximized in the medium temperature cotton, followed by the low temperature cotton. With the lowest high temperature, the total phosphorus absorption in the medium temperature cotton increased relatively by 49.69% and 89.36% compared with low temperature and high temperature treatments, respectively. Furthermore, the phosphate utilization rate was twice and 50% higher than the high and low temperature treatments, respectively. These findings indicate that based on the effects of soil temperature on cotton growth, root and soil effective phosphorus distribution, phosphorus absorption, and phosphate utilization, the most suitable soil temperature for cotton growth is 22-26 ℃.

Key words: soil temperature, cotton, drip phosphate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer utilization

王一琪, 买文选, 张文太, 王艳艳, 田长彦. 磷肥滴施条件下土壤温度对棉花生长的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(6): 1151-1158.

WANG Yiqi, MAI Wenxuan, ZHANG Wentai, WANG Yanyan, TIAN Changyan. Effect of soil temperature on cotton growth under phosphate fertilizer drip application conditions[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(6): 1151-1158.

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	根/g	茎/g	叶/g	合计/g	磷素利用率 /（kg·kg^-1）
低温	2.27±0.52ab	1.73±0.71b	2.54±0.61b	6.54±0.89b	0.08±0.01b
中温	3.08±0.84a	3.30±0.35a	3.42±0.48a	9.79±1.17a	0.12±0.01a
高温	1.98±0.54b	1.34±0.34b	1.85±0.64b	5.17±1.01c	0.06±0.01c