土壤含水量对探地雷达探测植物根系构型精度的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.03.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根系是评价植被生态服务功能的关键基础要素，但快速、精确、无损确定根系的测量技术和方法是目前生态系统评估中的瓶颈。探地雷达是一种高效无损的地球物理学技术，可以在无损状态下获取土壤中的根系信息。但是探地雷达检测和识别根系的精度受土壤含水量、根系含水量、根径大小、根系埋藏深度等诸多因素影响，导致其在野外根系探测中适用性受限，为了探究土壤含水量对探地雷达探测根系精度的影响，本研究采用野外预埋根系的控制实验，根据探地雷达波速、振幅和根点反射系数的变化，分析了不同土壤含水量条件下根点识别率及根点距离均方根误差。结果表明：（1）根系探测中，探地雷达波速和振幅是判断土壤含水量变化的重要参数；（2）随着土壤含水量的增大，探地雷达波速减小，雷达振幅趋于平缓；（3）不同土层深度上随着根系直径的增大，探地雷达波速增大，雷达振幅趋于激烈；（4）根点识别率与土壤含水量成负相关（P<0.05），土壤含水量为15%~25%时探地雷达对活根的识别效果最佳。本研究表明探地雷达可以作为植物根系生物量无损和快速测定、评估的方法，但在利用探地雷达测定土壤中根系时，应在土壤含水量相对较低的时间段进行。

关键词: 探地雷达, 根系, 土壤含水量, 无损探测, 晋西黄土区

Abstract:

Root biomass is an important part of the soil ecosystem, however, due to the limitations of measurement techniques and methods, it is impossible to rapidly assess it. The ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an efficient and nondestructive geophysical tool through which root information can be obtained without damaging the soil environment. However, accuracy during the detection and identification of underground roots by GPR is significantly affected by many factors such as soil water content, root roughness, length, and extension direction. In particular, soil water content has an obvious effect on root detection. In this study, in situ root embedding detection experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of soil water content on root detection via GPR. Combined with the changes in wave velocity, amplitude, and the root reflection coefficient of the GPR, the root point identification rate and root point distance root point root mean square error were analyzed under different average soil water content. The results showed that (1) the wave velocity and amplitude of the GPR were important parameters to determine variations in soil water conten during root detection; (2) the GPR’s velocity decreased and the radar amplitude flattened with the increasing soil water content; (3) as the root diameter increased at different soil depths, the GPR’s wave velocity also increased and the GPR’s amplitude tended to be drastic changes; (4) the root point recognition rate and soil water content were negatively correlated (P<0.05), and the best recognition effect was achieved when the soil water content was 15%-25%. These results are great significance for quantifying the effect of soil moisture content on the root detection accuracy of the GPR. In addition, it provide a reference for using this tool for root detection and are particularly important for the estimation of plant root biomass.

Key words: ground penetrating radar, root system, soil moisture content, non-destructive testing, loess area of western Shanxi Province

王勃, 张建军, 赖宗锐, 赵炯昌, 胡亚伟, 杨周, 李阳, 卫朝阳. 土壤含水量对探地雷达探测植物根系构型精度的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(3): 456-466.

WANG Bo, ZHANG Jianjun, LAI Zongrui, ZHAO Jiongchang, HU Yawei, YANG Zhou, LI Yang, WEI Zhaoyang. Effect of soil moisture content on the accuracy of root configuration detection by ground penetrating radar[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(3): 456-466.

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探测时间/年-月-日	天气	平均雷达波速/（m·ns^-1）			土壤体积含水量/%			平均土壤体含水量/%
探测时间/年-月-日	天气	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~30 cm	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~30 cm	0~30 cm
2023-02-24	晴	0.036	0.058	0.081	42.296	35.100	34.481	37.3
2023-02-27	晴	0.038	0.061	0.082	27.872	30.091	29.748	29.2
2023-03-02	多云	0.041	0.066	0.085	23.617	27.288	24.969	25.3
2023-03-05	晴	0.045	0.068	0.087	21.770	24.798	20.818	22.5
2023-03-08	多云	0.054	0.080	0.089	12.939	14.942	18.813	15.6