哈密市戈壁表层土壤理化性质及质量现状

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.11.07

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1864-1874.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.11.07 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20241107

哈密市戈壁表层土壤理化性质及质量现状

张久丹¹^,²(), 张爱国³(), 靳镜宇¹^,²^,⁴, 刘帅琪¹^,², 吴瀚¹^,², 李均力¹

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室，荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所，江苏南京 210042
4.新疆维吾尔自治区测绘成果中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830002

收稿日期:2024-06-07 修回日期:2024-09-04 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-11-29
通讯作者: 张爱国. E-mail: zhangaiguo@nies.org
作者简介:张久丹（1995-），女，博士研究生，主要从事环境遥感研究. E-mail: zhangjiudan18@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
第三次新疆综合科学考察(2021XJKK1400);哈密市戈壁生态调查评价与保护修复项目(202306160842);天山英才科技创新团队(2022TSYCTD0006)

Physicochemical characteristics and quality assessment of Gobi soils, Hami City, China

ZHANG Jiudan¹^,²(), ZHANG Aiguo³(), JIN Jingyu¹^,²^,⁴, LIU Shuaiqi¹^,², WU Han¹^,², LI Junli¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
4. Survey and Mapping Achievement Center of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-06-07 Revised:2024-09-04 Published:2024-11-15 Online:2024-11-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

戈壁土壤质量对其表层植被覆盖及生态恢复具有重要意义。本研究采集了哈密市戈壁区域的56个典型土壤样本，分别从土壤含水量、土壤容重、pH、总盐、有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾等8个指标分析土壤质地、盐分和养分特性，并构建土壤质量指数（Soil Quality Indicator，SQI）开展土壤质量综合评价。结果表明，哈密市戈壁区域的土壤质量普遍较低，戈壁表层砾石覆盖度高，土壤含水量低，盐碱化严重，土壤养分条件差。空间差异上，伊吾县和巴里坤哈萨克自治县土壤质量平均水平略高于伊州区，尤其戈壁边缘与其他地类过渡区域的土壤质量较高。总体而言，哈密市戈壁全区域及各分区土壤质量均处于较低水平（SQI介于0.4~0.5），呈现出从北到南下降的趋势。研究强调了加强环境保护和可持续发展措施的必要性，以应对人类活动增加对生态环境的影响。

关键词: 戈壁, 土壤养分, 砾石覆盖, 盐碱化, 土壤质量指数, 哈密市

Abstract:

Soil quality is essential for vegetation cover and ecological recovery in Gobi zones. In this study, we analyzed 56 typical soil samples from the Hami Gobi to evaluate soil texture, salinity, and nutrient characteristics using eight indices, including soil moisture content, soil bulk density, pH, total salt content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. Based on these indices, we constructed a soil quality index (SQI) for a comprehensive soil quality assessment. The results revealed that soil quality in the Hami Gobi region was generally low, characterized by high gravel cover, low moisture content, severe salinization, and nutrient deficiency. The average soil quality in the Yiwu and Barkol regions was slightly higher than in the Yizhou zone, with better soil quality observed in areas where Gobi transitions into other land types. Overall, the SQI ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 across the Hami Gobi region and its subregions, showing a decreasing trend from north to south. This study highlights the urgent need for enhanced environmental protection and sustainable development strategies to copy with the impact of increasing human activities on the ecosystem.

Key words: Gobi, soil nutrients, gravel cover, salinization, soil quality index, Hami City

张久丹, 张爱国, 靳镜宇, 刘帅琪, 吴瀚, 李均力. 哈密市戈壁表层土壤理化性质及质量现状[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(11): 1864-1874.

ZHANG Jiudan, ZHANG Aiguo, JIN Jingyu, LIU Shuaiqi, WU Han, LI Junli. Physicochemical characteristics and quality assessment of Gobi soils, Hami City, China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(11): 1864-1874.

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土壤指标	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	中位数	变异系数C_v/%	养分等级水平
砾石覆盖度/%	0.10	89.70	22.53	27.87	9.25	123.69	-
土壤含水量/%	0.47	10.71	1.95	2.03	1.41	104.25	-
土壤容重/（g·cm^-3）	1.00	2.18	1.64	0.31	1.69	19.06	-
pH	7.64	9.99	8.58	0.48	8.54	5.61	-
总盐/（mg·kg^-1）	0.34	855.00	66.32	169.10	8.31	254.97	-
有机质/（g·kg^-1）	0.87	50.00	5.12	7.11	2.95	138.85	六
全氮/（g·kg^-1）	0.02	3.27	0.34	0.47	0.20	138.75	六
全磷/（g·kg^-1）	0.08	0.87	0.48	0.19	0.45	39.94	四
全钾/（g·kg^-1）	2.70	32.40	22.43	5.00	23.45	22.28	二

指标	区域	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	中位数	变异系数C_v/%
砾石覆盖度/%	巴里坤县	2.10	80.50	34.97	26.97	35.15	77.12
	伊吾县	0.20	83.10	41.36	34.19	38.30	82.66
	伊州区	0.10	89.70	15.29	24.17	1.35	158.04
土壤容重/（g·cm^-3）	巴里坤县	1.00	2.14	1.83	0.36	1.94	19.73
	伊吾县	1.28	2.06	1.69	0.29	1.69	16.88
	伊州区	1.01	2.18	1.57	0.29	1.63	18.28

土壤指标	一级	二级	三级	四级	五级	六级
土壤指标	很高	高	中上	中下	低	很低
有机质/（g·kg^-1）	>40	30~40	20~30	10~20	6~10	<6
全氮/（g·kg^-1)	>2.00	1.50~2.00	1.00~1.50	0.75~1.00	0.50~0.75	<0.50
全磷/（g·kg^-1）	>1.00	0.80~1.00	0.60~0.80	0.40~0.60	0.20~0.40	<0.20
全钾/（g·kg^-1）	>25	20~25	15~20	10~15	5~10	<5

	土壤含水量	土壤容重	pH	总盐	有机质	全氮	全磷	全钾
土壤含水量	1
土壤容重	-0.50^**	1
pH	-0.47^**	0.32^*	1
总盐	-0.03	-0.52^**	-0.13	1
有机质	0.29^*	-0.26	-0.06	0.09	1
全氮	0.31^*	-0.20	-0.05	-0.01	0.97^**	1
全磷	-0.10	0.33^*	0.02	-0.39^**	0.25	0.33^*	1
全钾	-0.40^**	0.57^**	0.37^**	-0.72^**	0.04	0.10	0.31^*	1

指标名称	PC-1	PC-2	PC-3	PC-4	公因子方差	权重/%
特征根	2.86	2.27	1.17	0.75	-	-
方差解释率/%	35.74	28.32	14.63	9.38	-	-
土壤含水量	-0.65	0.27	-0.53	-0.33	0.88	13.67
土壤容重	0.84	0.02	-0.08	0.16	0.75	9.77
pH	0.54	-0.03	0.65	-0.31	0.80	11.10
总盐	-0.67	-0.34	0.54	0.31	0.95	14.51
有机质	-0.35	0.87	0.30	-0.04	0.97	13.10
全氮	-0.28	0.92	0.23	-0.04	0.98	12.38
全磷	0.37	0.59	-0.19	0.59	0.87	12.95
全钾	0.81	0.36	-0.02	-0.27	0.85	12.53

哈密市戈壁表层土壤理化性质及质量现状

Physicochemical characteristics and quality assessment of Gobi soils, Hami City, China

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	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	中位数	变异系数C_v/%
全区域	0.20	0.87	0.44	0.09	0.44	20.31
巴里坤县	0.41	0.55	0.46	0.05	0.46	11.27
伊吾县	0.35	0.87	0.50	0.16	0.46	31.81
伊州区	0.20	0.56	0.42	0.07	0.42	16.88

土壤质量指数	<0.4	0.40~0.50	0.50~0.60	≥0.6
土壤质量分级	四	三	二	一
土壤质量水平	低	较低	中	高

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