典型荒漠灌木叶片功能性状特征随降水梯度的变化研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.03.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自然降水是干旱地区植被重要的水分来源，为了探明荒漠灌木叶片在降水变化的应对对策，以典型荒漠灌木为研究对象，测定不同降水条件下叶片形态性状和化学计量指标，分析其叶片功能性状的总体特征及各个功能性状与环境因子的关系。结果表明：（1）红砂（Reaumuria soongorica）叶片肉质化程度和含水量随自然降水量的减少呈逐渐增大的趋势；盐爪爪（Kalidium foliatum）叶片组织密度随自然降水量的减少整体呈增大的趋势；（2）红砂和白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）C含量、白刺和珍珠猪毛菜（Salsola passerina）叶片N含量随自然降水量的减少整体呈增大的趋势；珍珠猪毛菜和盐爪爪叶片N:P均小于14，即其在生长发育中主要受氮素限制；（3）红砂、白刺和盐爪爪叶片组织密度与年均降水量呈正相关关系；红砂、白刺的比叶面积与海拔呈负相关关系，红砂、白刺、珍珠猪毛菜的P含量与海拔呈负相关关系。综上所述，在干旱环境中，不同的植物表现出不同的生态适应策略，其中盐爪爪通过减小比叶面积、增加叶组织密度，白刺和珍珠猪毛菜通过增加叶片N含量，红砂通过增加叶片的肉质化程度和含水量等来适应干旱少雨的荒漠环境；年均降水量和海拔是影响植物生长发育的主要限制环境因子。

关键词: 叶片形态性状, 化学计量指标, 环境因子, 降水梯度

Abstract:

Natural precipitation is an important source of water for vegetation in arid areas. To explore the coping methods of desert shrubs under different precipitation conditions, this study selected typical desert shrubs as subject and determined their leaf morphological traits and stoichiomental characteristics under different precipitation condition. The overall characteristics of leaf functional traits and the relationship between individual functional properties and environmental factors were also analyzed. Results showed that (1) with the decrease in natural precipitation, the degree of fleshiness and water content of leaves of Reaumuria soongorica increased gradually and the tissue density of Kalidium foliatum increased. (2) Meanwhile, the C contents in the leaves of R. soongorica and Nitraria tangutorum and the N contents in the leaves of N. tangutorum and Salsola passerina showed an overall increasing trend with the increase in drought stress. In addition, the leaf N:P ratios of S. passerina and K. foliatum were all less than 14, indicating that the growth and development of these species were mainly restricted by nitrogen. (3) The leaf tissue density of R. soongorica, N. tangutorum, and K. foliatum was positively correlated with the average annual precipitation. The specific leaf area of R. soongorica and N. tangutorum and the P content of R soongorica, N. tangutorum, and S. passerina were negatively correlated with altitude. In arid environments, different plants exhibit different ecological adaptation strategies. To adapt to the desert environment of drought and less rainfall, K. foliatum reduces its specific leaf area and increases its tissue density, N. tangutorum increases the N content of its leaves, and R. soongorica increases the degree of fleshiness and water content of its leaves. Average annual precipitation and altitude are the main limiting factors affecting their growth and development.

Key words: leaf morphological trait, stoichiometric index, environmental factors, precipitation gradient

李瑞, 单立山, 解婷婷, 马丽, 杨洁, 李全刚. 典型荒漠灌木叶片功能性状特征随降水梯度的变化研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(3): 425-435.

LI Rui, SHAN Lishan, XIE Tingting, MA Li, YANG Jie, LI Quangang. Variation in the leaf functional traits of typical desert shrubs under precipitation gradient[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(3): 425-435.

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采样点	海拔（A）/m	年均气温(T)/℃	降水量(Pr)/mm	蒸发量(E)/mm	年日照时数(H)/h
酒泉	1500	7.5	86	2038	3228
张掖	1590	6	131	2003	3075
武威	1775	7.8	165	2205	3000
白银	1947	9	225	1550	2580

指标	红砂	白刺	珍珠猪毛菜	盐爪爪
DOF	38.35^**	17.84^**	3	33.21^**
WC	45.42^**	12.35^**	2.03	92.54^**
SLA	2.75	28.53^**	0.49	16.63^**
TD	49.30^**	8.92^**	2.48	95.10^**
C	3.22	0.95	13.21^**	32.78^**
N	6.28^**	4.61^*	61.78^**	26.64^**
P	0.70^**	0.88	250.87^**	188.54^**
C：N	3.14	0.31	20.96^**	22.90^**
C：P	0.59	2.47	41.97^**	41.24^**
N：P	1.3	1.29	32.68^**	75.87^**

	红砂		白刺		珍珠猪毛菜		盐爪爪
	轴一	轴二	轴一	轴二	轴一	轴二	轴一	轴二
特征值	0.3097	0.2063	0.2315	0.0337	0.8036	0.0672	0.5908	0.164
累积解释方差/%	30.97	51.6	23.15	36.52	80.36	87.08	59.08	75.48
相关关系	0.945	0.8624	0.8023	0.8043	0.969	0.9396	0.8878	0.9805
累积解释拟合方差/%	51.12	85.12	56.55	89.21	91.1	98.73	75.51	96.47