2000—2020年黄土高原NEP时空格局与驱动力

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.11.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄土高原是中国重要的生态屏障。在全球变化的背景下，黄土高原的碳收支平衡备受关注。本研究基于MOD17A3HGF数据，通过GSMSR模型、趋势分析、差异分析以及地理探测器等方法，分析2000—2020年黄土高原的碳源/汇特征，揭示2000—2020年该区域生态系统净生产力（NEP）的时空格局及其驱动因素。同时，将研究区按经度方向划分为西、中、东三个子区域，比较不同区域内驱动因素的差异性。结果表明：（1）近20 a黄土高原49.69%的区域从碳源向碳汇转变；NEP随时间波动上升，在东南部高于西北部，多年平均值为12 g C·m^-2·a^-1。（2）水分条件是影响NEP空间分布的主要自然因素，而土地利用类型则是影响NEP空间分布的主要人为因素；不同因子间的交互作用对NEP的影响普遍大于单个因子。（3）西、中、东三个子区域NEP的驱动因子存在明显的空间分异特征，中、西部地区受气候影响较多，以降水、湿度等水分条件为主；东部地区受地形、气候、人类活动等因素综合影响，其中，以土地利用类型为代表的人为干扰最强。

关键词: 趋势分析, 地理探测器, 净生态系统生产力, 时空格局, 黄土高原

Abstract:

The Loess Plateau is an important ecological barrier in China. In the context of global change, the carbon balance of the region is of great concern. In this study, based on MOD17A3HGF data, we analyzed the carbon source/sink characteristics of the local area of the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2020 using the geostatistical model of soil respiration (GSMSR) model, trend analysis, difference analysis, and Geodetector, to reveal the spatial and temporal patterns of the region’s net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and its driving factors from 2000 to 2020. Meanwhile, the study area was divided longitudinally into three subregions, west, center, and east, to compare the variability of drivers within different regions. The results showed that: (1) 49.69% of the localized area of the Loess Plateau shifted from a carbon source to a carbon sink within 21 years. NEP fluctuated upward with time, and was higher in the southeast than in the northwest, with a multi-year average of 12 g C·m^-2·a^-1· (2) Moisture condition was the main natural factor affecting the spatial distribution of NEP, while land use type was the main anthropogenic factor influencing the spatial distribution of NEP. In addition, the influence of the interaction between different factors on NEP was generally greater than that of single factors. The effects of interactions between different factors on NEP were generally greater than those of individual factors. (3) The factors driving NEP in the three subregions of west, central, and east have clear spatial differentiation characteristics, the central and western regions are more affected by climate, with precipitation, humidity, and other moisture conditions as the main ones. The eastern region is affected by a combination of factors such as topography, climate, and human activities, and anthropogenic interference, represented by land use type, is the strongest among these factors. This knowledge can serve as a basis for effective carbon management strategies and ecosystem conservation efforts in the region.

Key words: trend analysis, Geodetector, net ecosystem productivity, spatial and temporal patterns, Loess Plateau

裴宏泽, 赵亚超, 张廷龙. 2000—2020年黄土高原NEP时空格局与驱动力[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(11): 1833-1844.

PEI Hongze, ZHAO Yachao, ZHANG Tinglong. Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns and drivers of local regional NEP in the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2020[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1833-1844.

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数据	时间	分辨率	数据来源
净初级生产力（NPP）	2000—2020年	500 m	美国国家航空航天局（https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov）
海拔（ALT）	-	30 m	地理空间数据云（http://www.gscloud.cn）
年蒸发量（EVP）	2000年，2010年，2020年	1 km	中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心（https://www.resdc.cn）
年平均地温（GST）	2000年，2010年，2020年	1 km
年平均气压（PRS）	2000年，2010年，2020年	1 km
年平均相对湿度（RHU）	2000年，2010年，2020年	1 km
年日照时数（SSD）	2000年，2010年，2020年	1 km
国内生产总值（GDP）	2000年，2010年，2019年	1 km
人口密度（PD）	2000年，2010年，2019年	1 km
年平均风速（WIN）	2000年，2010年，2020年	1 km
土壤类型（SOT）	1995年	1 km
年降水量（PRE）	2000—2020年	1 km	国家地球系统科学数据中心（https://www.geodata.cn）
年平均气温（TEM）	2000—2020年	1 km	国家地球系统科学数据中心（https://www.geodata.cn）
土地利用/覆盖（LULC）	2020年	30 m	Zenodo（https://zenodo.org）
坡度（SLO）	-	30 m	DEM坡度分析
坡向（ALP）	-	30 m	DEM坡向分析
与不透水面距离（DFI）	2020年	1 km	LULC提取
与道路距离（DFR）	2020年	1 km	LULC提取
与水系距离（DFW）	2020年	1 km	LULC提取
0~20 cm土壤碳密度（SOC）	1995年	-	国家青藏高原科学数据中心（http://data.tpdc.ac.cn）

交互类型	交互关系
非线性减弱	q（X₁∩X₂）<Min[q（X₁），q（X₂）]
单因子非线性减弱	Min[q（X₁），q（X₂）]<q（X₁∩X₂）<Max[q（X₁）， q（X₂）]
双因子增强	q（X₁∩X₂）>Max[q（X₁），q（X₂）]
独立	q（X₁∩X₂）=q（X₁）+q（X₂）
非线性增强	q（X₁∩X₂）>q（X₁）+q（X₂）

斜率	\|Z\|值	NEP显著性水平	百分比/%
斜率	\|Z\|值	NEP显著性水平	西部地区	中部地区	东部地区	研究区
<0	≥2.58	极显著减少	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.02
<0	≥1.96	显著减少	1.44	0.26	0.86	0.94
-	<1.96	相对稳定	12.47	4.91	22.46	14.03
>0	≥1.96	显著增加	35.89	14.16	34.41	29.84
>0	≥2.58	极显著增加	50.18	80.67	42.24	55.17

NEP差异水平 /(g C?m^-2?a^-1)	百分比/%
NEP差异水平 /(g C?m^-2?a^-1)	西部地区	中部地区	东部地区	研究区
<0	0.81	1.82	3.70	3.21
0~100	86.51	13.17	22.65	26.74
100~200	6.22	40.83	61.13	42.88
200~300	5.71	39.85	12.14	24.60
>300	0.75	4.33	0.38	2.57