荒漠草原灰钙土与风沙土水分时空特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.10.09

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 1625-1636.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.10.09 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2023.10.09

荒漠草原灰钙土与风沙土水分时空特征

杨霜奇^1,^2,³(),宋乃平^1,^2,³(),王兴^1,^2,³,陈晓莹⁴,常道琴^1,^2,³

1.宁夏大学生态环境学院，宁夏银川 750021
2.宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态系统恢复国家重点实验室培训基地，宁夏银川 750021
3.西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室，宁夏银川 750021
4.宁夏大学农学院，宁夏银川 750021

收稿日期:2023-02-13 修回日期:2023-04-22 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-11-01
作者简介:杨霜奇（1996-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事恢复生态学研究. E-mail: 594535157@qq.com
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2019BFG02022)

Spatiotemporal characteristics of sierozem and aeolian soil moisture levels in a desert steppe

YANG Shuangqi^1,^2,³(),SONG Naiping^1,^2,³(),WANG Xing^1,^2,³,CHEN Xiaoying⁴,CHANG Daoqin^1,^2,³

1. College of Ecological Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
2. Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
3. Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
4. School of Agricultural, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China

Received:2023-02-13 Revised:2023-04-22 Published:2023-10-15 Online:2023-11-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受人为和自然因素干扰，宁夏荒漠草原原生灰钙土经过长期沙化，面积逐渐缩小并形成岛状斑块分布在广大风沙土中。为揭示灰钙土沙化后土壤水分时空特征，于2017—2019年生长季内（5—10月）在宁夏盐池县皖记沟村选取大（200~300 m²）、中（约100 m²）、小（约50 m²）面积各3个斑块，分别开展斑块内部灰钙土与其外围风沙土的含水量对比研究。结果表明：（1）从时间上来看，2017年均匀降雨格局使得全年土壤平均含水量最高；2018年全年降雨量略高于2017年，但集中于春季，夏秋季几乎无降雨事件，导致全年土壤含水量均较低；2019年夏季降雨年型使得土壤平均含水量在夏季最高。（2）0~100 cm剖面内灰钙土含水量随土层深度的增加表现出先增加后减少，10~40 cm土层较高；而风沙土含水量随土层深度的增加而增大，0~20 cm土层土壤含水量远低于20~100 cm。0~20 cm土层灰钙土含水量大于风沙土，20~100 cm土层灰钙土含水量显著小于（P<0.05）风沙土（2018年中小斑块除外）。除大斑块外围风沙土含水量显著大于（P<0.05）中小斑块外，不同大小斑块之间灰钙土含水量无显著差异（P>0.05）。（3）灰钙土0~100 cm土层储水量整体低于风沙土，且同一时间段内变化幅度小于风沙土。当降雨量<16 mm时，两种土壤类型的水分均处于消耗状态；当降雨量在16~25 mm时，灰钙土储水量多于风沙土；但降雨量>25 mm时，风沙土储水量则多于灰钙土。荒漠草原的土壤含水量由降雨量及其分配格局主导，其次是土壤类型。灰钙土和风沙土的含水量不仅在剖面上分布具有明显差异，而且对降雨的响应也有明显的不同。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 土壤水分, 土壤类型, 降雨变化, 土壤储水量

Abstract:

Due to the interference from human activities and natural factors, the primary sierozem area in the Ningxia desert steppe has gradually shrunk due to long-term desertification and formed island patches within the surrounding aeolian soil. To reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil moisture after sierozem desertification, a comparative study was carried out between the large (200-300 m²), medium (approximately 100 m²), and small (approximately 50 m²) sierozem patches and the surrounding aeolian soil in Wanjigou Village, Yanchi County, Ningxia, during the growing season (May to October from 2017 to 2019). The uniform rainfall pattern in 2017 led to the highest annual average soil moisture content. While the annual rainfall in 2018 was slightly higher than that in 2017, it was concentrated in the spring, and there were almost no rainfall events in the summer and autumn, resulting in a low soil moisture content throughout the year. The summer rainfall pattern in 2019 resulted in the highest average soil moisture content during the summer period. The soil moisture content of sierozem in the 0-100 cm soil layer first showed an increase and then a decrease with increases in soil depth and was greatest in the 10-40 cm soil layer. The soil moisture content of the aeolian soil increased with soil depth, and the soil moisture content of the 0-20 cm soil layer was much lower than that of the 20-100 cm layer. The moisture content of sierozem in the 0-20 cm soil layer was greater than that of the aeolian soil, while the moisture content of the sierozem in the 20-100 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that of the aeolian soil (except for small and medium-sized patches in 2018). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the soil moisture content of the sierozem between the different patch sizes, except that the soil moisture content of the aeolian soil surrounding the large-sized patches was significantly greater than that of the small and medium-sized patches (P < 0.05). The water storage of sierozem in the 0-100 cm soil layer was generally lower than that of the aeolian soil, and the variation range was smaller than that of the aeolian soil during the same period. When the rainfall was <16 mm, the water in both soil types was in a consumption state. When the rainfall ranged from 16 to 25 mm, the water storage capacity of the sierozem was greater than that of the aeolian soil, but when the rainfall was >25 mm, the water storage capacity of the aeolian soil was greater than that of the sierozem. The soil moisture content in the desert steppe was dominated by the rainfall, its distribution pattern, and soil type. The moisture contents of the sierozem and aeolian soils differ in their profiles, as well as in response to rainfall.

Key words: desert steppe, soil moisture, soil type, precipitation changes, soil water storage

杨霜奇, 宋乃平, 王兴, 陈晓莹, 常道琴. 荒漠草原灰钙土与风沙土水分时空特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(10): 1625-1636.

YANG Shuangqi, SONG Naiping, WANG Xing, CHEN Xiaoying, CHANG Daoqin. Spatiotemporal characteristics of sierozem and aeolian soil moisture levels in a desert steppe[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(10): 1625-1636.

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降雨级别	2017年				2018年
降雨级别	降雨次数/次	降雨量/mm		占总降雨量比例/%	降雨次数/次	降雨量/mm	占总降雨量比例/%	降雨次数/次	降雨量/mm	占总降雨量比例/%
Ⅰ	8		4	1.5	-	-	-	5	2.76	1.2
Ⅱ	14		38.2	14.4	2	2.4	0.9	11	32.14	13.6
Ⅲ	4		30	11.3	2	14.6	5.3	4	27.42	11.6
Ⅳ	5		96.6	36.3	4	68	24.6	6	87.87	37.1
Ⅴ	3		97.2	36.5	3	191.8	69.3	2	86.84	36.6

年份	土层深度/cm	大斑块		中斑块		小斑块
年份	土层深度/cm	内部灰钙土	外部风沙土	内部灰钙土	外部风沙土	内部灰钙土	外部风沙土
2017年	0~10	4.67±1.39Bd	3.59±1.34Ac	4.45±1.48Ac	3.75±1.34Bb	4.70±1.53Ad	3.80±1.49Bb
	10~20	11.21±1.47Aa	10.50±1.71Ab	9.92±1.26Aa	9.04±1.56Ba	10.16±1.02Aa	9.93±1.68Aa
	20~40	9.31±1.25Ab	12.90±1.49Aa	8.86±0.76Aa	9.40±1.28Aa	8.86±1.04Bb	10.69±1.31Aa
	40~60	6.13±1.55Bcd	13.88±1.71Aa	7.11±1.20Bb	8.99±1.10Aa	7.10±1.21Bc	9.79±1.21Aa
	60~80	5.23±1.03Bd	12.91±1.23Aa	7.20±1.07Bb	8.76±1.28Aa	6.63±0.90Bc	9.09±1.03Aa
	80~100	7.07±0.18Bc	13.00±1.25Aa	7.26±0.65Bb	9.68±1.00Aa	6.79±0.45Bc	10.37±0.94Aa
2018年	0~10	4.01±0.61Ac	2.63±1.00Ba	3.94±0.97Ad	2.93±1.00Bc	4.29±1.11Ad	2.80±0.88Bc
	10~20	8.46±1.55Aa	7.98±2.05Ac	8.12±1.63Aa	7.00±1.66Ba	8.39±1.47Aa	7.50±2.33Aa
	20~40	6.70±1.16Bb	9.58±1.66Abc	6.92±1.12Ab	6.90±1.68Aa	7.05±1.18Ab	7.12±1.89Aa
	40~60	3.98±0.49Bc	10.95±1.34Ab	5.40±0.51Ac	5.11±0.81Ab	5.45±0.37Acd	5.36±0.78Ab
	60~80	4.06±0.72Bc	12.76±1.48Aa	5.56±0.67Ac	4.94±1.07Bb	4.99±0.45Ad	5.11±0.78Ab
	80~100	6.33±0.60Bb	13.84±1.29Aa	6.53±0.52Abc	6.18±0.97Aab	6.31±0.69Abc	6.73±1.01Aab
2019年	0~10	8.60±1.55Ab	7.63±1.37Bd	8.18±1.67Ab	6.41±1.37Bb	9.20±1.71Aa	6.88±1.20Bc
	10~20	10.36±1.49Aa	10.27±1.17Ac	9.82±1.45Aa	9.12±1.30Aa	10.15±1.35Aa	9.79±1.33Aa
	20~40	6.39±1.13Bc	14.21±1.81Ab	7.17±1.01Bb	8.77±0.93Aa	7.30±1.43Bb	8.92±1.27Aab
	40~60	4.34±0.85Bd	15.61±2.64Ab	5.87±1.19Bc	7.50±1.55Aab	6.07±1.43Bb	7.81±1.47Abc
	60~80	5.50±0.54Bcd	19.05±2.12Aa	6.71±1.24Bbc	8.06±2.11Aab	6.42±0.66Ab	7.43±1.49Abc
	80~100	8.80±0.64Bb	19.29±1.66Aa	6.96±1.17Bbc	8.81±2.25Aa	7.04±0.42Bb	9.11±1.31Aab

年份	土层深度/cm	内部灰钙土			外部风沙土
年份	土层深度/cm	大斑块	中斑块	小斑块	大斑块	中斑块	小斑块
2017年	0~100	7.13±0.93A	7.52±0.74A	7.36±0.86A	11.95±1.12A	8.65±1.00B	9.36±1.02B
2018年	0~100	5.46±0.63A	6.09±0.71A	6.03±0.57A	10.49±1.38A	5.62±1.01B	5.89±1.06B
2019年	0~100	6.90±0.75A	7.14±1.11A	7.30±0.95A	15.42±1.62A	8.18±1.20B	8.32±1.05B

荒漠草原灰钙土与风沙土水分时空特征

Spatiotemporal characteristics of sierozem and aeolian soil moisture levels in a desert steppe

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