沙地盐胁迫对油莎豆幼苗生理生长影响的模拟研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.06.17

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 1862-1874.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.06.17

沙地盐胁迫对油莎豆幼苗生理生长影响的模拟研究

马兴羽^1,^2,^3,⁴(),黄彩变^1,^2,³(),曾凡江^1,^2,³,李向义^1,^2,³,张玉林^1,^2,^3,⁵,丁雅^1,^2,^3,⁵,高艳菊^1,^2,^3,⁴,徐梦琪^1,^2,^3,⁴

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆荒漠植物根系生态与植被修复重点试验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011；
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点试验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，新疆策勒 848300
4.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
5.新疆大学，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2022-05-21 修回日期:2022-07-15 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2023-01-17
通讯作者: 黄彩变
作者简介:马兴羽（1997-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事植物生态学研究. E-mail: mxy20200607@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0507603-01)

To simulate the growth and physiological responses of Cyperus esculentus seedlings to salt stress in sandy soil

MA Xingyu^1,^2,^3,⁴(),HUANG Caibian^1,^2,³(),ZENG Fanjiang^1,^2,³,LI Xiangyi^1,^2,³,ZHANG Yulin^1,^2,^3,⁵,DING Ya^1,^2,^3,⁵,GAO Yanju^1,^2,^3,⁴,XU Mengqi^1,^2,^3,⁴

1. Xinjiang Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography，Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele 848300, Xinjiang, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5. Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-05-21 Revised:2022-07-15 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2023-01-17
Contact: Caibian HUANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解油莎豆（Cyperus esculentus）幼苗对沙化土地盐胁迫的生理生长适应性，本研究在温室条件下以风沙土为培养基质，采用盆栽试验对油莎豆幼苗进行不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理，分析盐胁迫30 d和50 d后油莎豆幼苗的生长、生理生化特性及Na⁺和K⁺平衡。结果表明：（1）盐胁迫30 d和50 d后，油莎豆幼苗地上和地下部分均在NaCl浓度≤ 0.5 g·kg^-1时生长良好，但株高明显降低；在NaCl浓度≥1.0 g·kg^-1时，地上及地下部干重、株高和叶面积均出现不同程度下降。（2）盐胁迫30 d时主要通过脯氨酸大量积累来减轻盐胁迫，在50 d时主要通过可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的大量累积来提高其渗透调节能力以适应盐胁迫。（3）随NaCl浓度的增加，叶片与根系Na⁺含量和Na⁺/K⁺均显著增加，说明其离子平衡遭到破坏。（4）隶属度综合评价结果表明，NaCl浓度≤ 0.5 g·kg^-1时油莎豆幼苗的综合生理生长表现没有发生明显变化，但超过1.0 g·kg^-1时则显著下降，这表明油莎豆幼苗具有一定的耐盐性，在沙地轻度盐胁迫条件下可以正常生长。

关键词: 油莎豆, 盐胁迫, 幼苗生长, 渗透调节, 离子含量

Abstract:

To investigate the growth and physiological responses of Cyperus esculentus to salt stress in wind-sand soil, a pot experiment with eolian sandy soil as the growth medium was conducted to examine the effects of different degrees of salt stress (NaCl solution) on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the balances of Na⁺ and K⁺ in root and leaves in a greenhouse on days 30 and 50 of stress exposure. The results showed that: (1) When the NaCl concentration was ≤0.5 g·kg^-1, both the aboveground and underground dry weights of C. esculentus seedlings were significantly unaffected. However, plant height declined significantly compared with the non-stress seedlings. When NaCl the concentration was ≥1.0 g·kg^-1, the dry weights of aboveground and underground, plant height, and leaf area decreased significantly with stress time. (2) On day 30, under salt stress, the proline content increased significantly with the NaCl concentration, but soluble and protein contents increased slightly. However, MDA content increased significantly under 0.5 g·kg^-1 NaCl treatment and decreased significantly with increasing NaCl concentration. Under salt stress on day 50, as the NaCl concentration increased, the soluble protein content increased significantly. Then, soluble sugar content increased significantly firstly and then remained stable, while the contents of proline and MDA only increased significantly at 3.5 g·kg^-1 NaCl. (3) The Na⁺ content and Na⁺/K⁺ in leaves and roots increased significantly as the NaCl concentration increased, while the K⁺ content decreased significantly and then remained stable when the NaCl concentration was >1.0 g·kg^-1. These results suggest that increased proline content at the early growth stage, while increased contents of soluble protein and sugar at the late growth stage, contribute to increasing the osmotic adjustment and water-holding capacity and decreasing the MDA content and K⁺ loss, improving the salt tolerance of C. esculentus in sandy soil. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that when the NaCl concentration was ≤0.5 g·kg^-1, no effect of salt stress on the growth of C. esculentus seedling was found, while the plant growth was inhibited significantly when the concentration was >1.0 g·kg^-1.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus, salt stress, growth of seedlings, osmotic adjustment, ion content

马兴羽,黄彩变,曾凡江,李向义,张玉林,丁雅,高艳菊,徐梦琪. 沙地盐胁迫对油莎豆幼苗生理生长影响的模拟研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(6): 1862-1874.

MA Xingyu,HUANG Caibian,ZENG Fanjiang,LI Xiangyi,ZHANG Yulin,DING Ya,GAO Yanju,XU Mengqi. To simulate the growth and physiological responses of Cyperus esculentus seedlings to salt stress in sandy soil[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1862-1874.

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土壤盐渍化程度	非盐渍土	轻度盐胁迫	中度盐胁迫	重度盐胁迫	盐土
Cl^-含量/(g·kg^-1)	<0.20	0.20~0.40	0.40~1.00	1.00~2.00	≥2.00
NaCl含量/(g·kg^-1)	<0.3	0.33~0.66	0.66~1.65	1.65~3.30	≥3.30

处理时间/d	NaCl 胁迫处理	地上部分干重 /(g·株^-1)	地下部分干重 /(g·株^-1)	株高 /cm	单株叶面积 /(cm²·株^-1)	相对含水量/%	脯氨酸 /(mg·g^-1)	可溶性糖 /(mg·g^-1)	可溶性蛋白 /(mg·g^-1)	MDA /(μmol·g^-1)	K⁺ /(mg·g^-1)	Na⁺ /(mg·g^-1)	Na⁺/K⁺	隶属函数平均值	排序
30	CK	0.79	0.45	0.86	0.82	0.53	0.81	0.18	0.36	0.30	0.96	0.99	0.99	0.67	1
	S₁	0.72	0.89	0.44	0.81	0.79	0.61	0.48	0.71	0.07	0.38	0.86	0.85	0.63	2
	S₂	0.45	0.43	0.27	0.46	0.24	0.59	0.83	0.56	0.23	0.29	0.68	0.67	0.47	3
	S₃	0.44	0.35	0.02	0.32	0.40	0.25	0.69	0.79	0.34	0.19	0.50	0.49	0.40	4
	S₄	0.18	0.46	0.17	0.04	0.10	0.17	0.44	0.81	0.88	0.10	0.08	0.05	0.29	5
50	CK	0.80	0.71	0.88	0.76	0.26	0.52	0.25	0.07	0.38	0.89	0.98	0.98	0.62	1
	S₁	0.77	0.45	0.30	0.52	0.47	0.19	0.77	0.45	0.52	0.57	0.81	0.84	0.56	2
	S₂	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	3
	S₃	0.07	0.03	0.13	0.13	0.08	0.22	0.67	0.74	0.87	0.07	0.28	0.29	0.30	4
	S₄	0.05	0.12	0.14	0.06	0.12	0.93	0.46	0.90	0.35	0.17	0.06	0.13	0.29	5

沙地盐胁迫对油莎豆幼苗生理生长影响的模拟研究

To simulate the growth and physiological responses of Cyperus esculentus seedlings to salt stress in sandy soil

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