贺兰山东麓20次暴雨过程环流形势及低空急流特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.06.06

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 1753-1767.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.06.06

贺兰山东麓20次暴雨过程环流形势及低空急流特征

李超¹(),隆霄¹(),曹怡清¹,王思懿¹,韩子霏²,王晖³

1.兰州大学大气科学学院，甘肃兰州 730000
2.河北省气候中心，河北石家庄 050000
3.中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室，宁夏银川 750002

收稿日期:2022-06-07 修回日期:2022-08-15 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2023-01-17
通讯作者: 隆霄
作者简介:李超（1998-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事中尺度大气动力学和中尺度数值天气预报研究. E-mail: lich20@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41965001);宁夏回族自治区科技创新领军人才培养工程(2021GKLRLX05)

Circulation pattern and LLJ characteristics of 20 rainstorm events in the eastern region of the Helan Mountain

LI Chao¹(),LONG Xiao¹(),CAO Yiqing¹,WANG Siyi¹,HAN Zifei²,WANG Hui³

1. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
2. Hebei Climate Centre, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
3. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, CMA, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China

Received:2022-06-07 Revised:2022-08-15 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2023-01-17
Contact: Xiao LONG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

贺兰山东麓是中国西北极端暴雨易发区之一，为了进一步探究该地区暴雨发生时大气环流配置及低空急流系统演变特征，提高该地区暴雨预报准确率及防灾减灾能力，本文利用加密地面降水观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，对2009—2020年贺兰山东麓20次暴雨事件的形成机理进行了综合分析。结果表明：（1）依据500 hPa环流形势特征可将该地区20次暴雨过程分为高空槽前型和西太平洋副热带高压西北侧型。高空槽前型降水是在高空西风槽影响下，配合高空急流及低空水汽辐合场发生与维持，副高西北侧型降水过程中贺兰山东麓位于西太平洋副热带高压西北侧，副高边缘带来充沛水汽，高低空动力辐合配合使得该类降水强度更强。（2）两类降水过程对应的低空急流系统存在明显差异，副高西北侧型降水其低空急流呈北进增强-南退减弱特点，急流轴在贺兰山体左侧，在暴雨过程中起到了水汽输送及增大迎风坡风速等作用。（3）高空槽前型降水过程中低空急流多呈东移减弱特点，急流轴位于山体右侧，低空急流动力作用所产生的中尺度气旋的发展演变对此类暴雨的触发与维持起到重要作用。

关键词: 暴雨, 低空急流, 环流形势, 合成分析, 贺兰山东麓

Abstract:

The eastern region of the Helan Mountain is an area prone to extreme rainstorms in Northwest China. To further explore the distribution of circulation patterns and evolution characteristics of the low-level jet systems during a rainstorm occurrence in this region and improve the accuracy of rainstorm forecasts and the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation in this region. Based on the encrypted surface precipitation observation and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, this paper comprehensively analyzed the formation mechanism of 20 heavy rainfall events in the eastern piedmont of the Helan Mountain from 2009 to 2020. The results show that: According to the characteristics of the 500 hPa circulation situation, the main rainstorm processes in this area can be classified into two: “Northwest side of the subtropical high” and “In front of upper trough” category rainstorm. The rainstorm of “In front of upper trough” category occurs under the combined action of the high-altitude westerly trough, the high-altitude jet stream, and the low-altitude water vapor convergence field. During the precipitation process on the northwest side of the subtropical high, the eastern foot of Helan Mountain is located on the northwest side of the western Pacific subtropical high. The edge of the subtropical high brings abundant water vapor, and the combination of high and low-altitude dynamics strengthens this type of precipitation. Obvious differences exist in the LLJ systems corresponding to the two types of precipitation processes. During the precipitation process of the “Northwest side of the subtropical high” category, the LLJ shows the characteristics of northward intensification and southward retreat and weakening. The LLJ axis is mainly located on the left side of the Helan Mountains. Its main effect on such rainstorm process is reflected in the transport of water vapor and the increased wind speed on the windward slope. “In front of upper trough” category rainstorm’s LLJ is characterized by eastward movement and weakening, and the jet axis is mostly located on the right side of the Helan Mountains. The development and evolution of mesoscale cyclones generated by LLJ dynamics play an important role in triggering and maintaining such rainstorms.

Key words: heavy rainfall process, low-level jet, circulation pattern, composite analysis, eastern region of the Helan Mountain

李超,隆霄,曹怡清,王思懿,韩子霏,王晖. 贺兰山东麓20次暴雨过程环流形势及低空急流特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(6): 1753-1767.

LI Chao,LONG Xiao,CAO Yiqing,WANG Siyi,HAN Zifei,WANG Hui. Circulation pattern and LLJ characteristics of 20 rainstorm events in the eastern region of the Helan Mountain[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1753-1767.

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等级	12 h降雨量/mm	24 h降雨量/mm
暴雨	30.0~69.9	50.0~99.9
大暴雨	70.0~139.9	100.0~249.9
特大暴雨	≥140.0	≥250.0

天气系统	暴雨时段（北京时）	持续时间/h	最大雨量/mm
副高西北侧型	2009年7月7日8:00—8日7:00	24	汝箕沟107.6
	2012年7月29日20:00—30日11:00	16	滚钟口174.3
	2016年8月13日15:00—14日14:00	24	王老滩110.2
	2016年8月21日19:00—22日8:00	14	滑雪场241.7
	2016年8月22日22:00—23日6:00	9	路家营子村57
	2017年7月25日20:00—26日2:00	6	窑子圈64.4
	2018年7月22日19:00—23日7:00	13	滑雪场277.6
	2018年8月6日12:00—7日16:00	29	马莲口119.1
	2018年8月31日19:00—9月1日17:00	23	苦水沟136.9
高空槽前型	2015年9月3日4:00—4日1:00	21	小口子65.9
	2015年9月8日1:00—8日20:00	20	八顷村69.6
	2016年7月24日5:00—12:00	8	灵武煤矿89.5
	2017年6月4日15:00—5日10:00	20	黄旗口沟116.5
	2017年7月5日3:00—18:00	16	滑雪场114.4
	2018年7月1日9:00—2日1:00	17	牛首山84.3
	2018年7月19日3:00—10:00	8	明长城136.2
	2018年7月23日12:00—20:00	9	红翔新村89.3
	2018年8月9日12:00—10日13:00	26	临河镇71.4
	2019年8月2日18:00—3日0:00	7	暖泉农场71
	2020年8月11日7:00—12日8:00	26	五渠村142.5

	个例	降水中心距山体位置/km	最大过程雨量/mm	最大小时雨强/mm	急流强度/(m·s^-1)	急流中心移速 /(km·h^-1)
副高西北侧型	2016-08-21	6.1	241.7	82.5	14.492	12.0
	2018-07-22	11.5	277.6	74.1	17.935	17.4
	2017-07-25	15.6	64.4	57.7	16.055	10.1
	2018-08-31	24.5	136.9	65.1	15.672	27.1
	2012-07-29	25.8	174.3	47.7	11.626	29.3
	2009-07-07	9.7	107.6	39.6	14.094	23.2
	2018-08-06	28.2	119.1	52.3	-	-
	2016-08-22	35.0	57.3	53.7	9.756	20.7
	2016-08-13	35.8	110.2	51.7	12. 000	15.1
高空槽前型	2018-07-19	20.1	136.2	54.5	23.582	23.5
	2017-07-05	21.7	114.4	47.4	14.200	19.9
	2020-08-11	20.7	142.5	84.5	18.112	41.9
	2018-08-09	26.1	71.4	71.4	-	-
	2015-09-03	30.2	65.9	27.9	16.924	26.6
	2017-06-04	30.8	116.5	26.7	11.901	29.2
	2019-08-02	30.8	71	53.9	14.328	34.0
	2015-09-08	34.7	69.6	50.4	13.581	26.5
	2016-07-24	37.2	89.5	56.5	13.901	19.3
	2018-07-23	41.4	89.3	58	13.625	19.5
	2018-07-01	44.3	84.3	29.8	10.892	53.8

贺兰山东麓20次暴雨过程环流形势及低空急流特征

Circulation pattern and LLJ characteristics of 20 rainstorm events in the eastern region of the Helan Mountain

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