新疆暖季短时强降水特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于新疆105个地面气象观测站2005—2015年5—9月逐时降水观测资料，分析短时强降水的时空分布特征和降水贡献率。结果表明：新疆暖季短时强降水频次分布，具有北疆多于南疆，山脉坡面多于谷地和沙漠的特点，但短时强降水的降水贡献率南疆反而高于北疆。短时强降水高频区位置由春到秋的季节性南北推移与太阳辐射和副热带锋区的南北推移密切相关；北疆和南疆短时强降水频次的月、旬分布均呈单峰形，但两者变化形态却有所不同，前者迅速增强、迅速减弱，后者迅速增强、缓慢减弱。全疆平均短时强降水频次的日内变化有3个峰值，主峰在午后（18:00—19:00），次峰在前半夜（22:00）和清晨（08:00），北疆与之相同，南疆3个峰值时间和强度均与之存在显著差异。

关键词: 暖季')">

暖季, 短时强降水, 时空分布, 降水贡献率, 新疆

Abstract: Based on the hourly precipitation data from the 105 meteorological stations in Xinjiang from May to September during the period of 2005-2015, the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation and the contribution rates of short-duration heavy rainfall (hereinafter referred to as SDHR) in Xinjiang were investigated. The results indicated that the frequency of SDHR in north Xinjiang was higher than that in south Xinjiang and higher on mountain slope than that in valleys and deserts. However, the contribution rate of SDHR in south Xinjiang was higher than that in north Xinjiang. The seasonal north-south shift of high frequency zone of SDHR was closely related to the north-south passage of solar radiation and subtropical zone from spring to autumn. The curves of monthly and ten-day average frequencies of SDHR in north Xinjiang and south Xinjiang were unimodal, but their variation was different. The monthly frequency of SDHR was increased at first and then decreased rapidly, while the ten-day one was increase rapidly but decreased slowly. There were 3 peak values of the daily variation of SDHR average frequency, the highest value occurred at 18:00-19:00 BT, the second and third ones at 22:00 BT and 08:00 BT respectively Compared with the whole Xinjiang and north Xinjiang, the occurring time and intensity of the three peak values were significantly different from those in south Xinjiang.

Key words: warm season, short-duration heavy rainfall, spatiotemporal distribution, precipitation contribution rate, Xinjiang

秦贺, 陈春艳, 阿不力米提江·阿布力克木, 李娜. 新疆暖季短时强降水特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(6): 1440-1449.

QIN He, CHEN Chun-yan, Ablimitijan Ablikim, LI Na. Characteristics of Short-duration Heavy Rainfall in Warm Season in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(6): 1440-1449.

参考文献 28

[1]	Brooks H E,Stensrud David J.Climatology of heavy rain events in the United States from hourly precipitation observation[J].Monthly Weather Review,2000,128(4):1 194-1 201.
[2]	杜雅菡,周顺武,亨巴提,等.1965—2015年新疆夏季不同等级降水的空间分布特征[J].冰川冻土,2018,40(6):1 231-1 241.[Du Yahan,Zhou Shunwu,Heng Bati,et al.Spatial distribution of summer graded precipitation in Xinjiang during 1965-2015[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2018,40(6):1 231-1 241.]
[3]	栾晨,宋敏红,蔡英,等.西北区西部夏半年强降水分布与变化特征[J].高原气象,2012,31(3):629-637.[Luan Chen,Song Minhong,Cai Ying,et al.Distribution and change feature of intense precipitation in the west part of Northwestern China during summer half years[J].Plateau Meteorology,2012,31(3):629-637.]
[4]	杨莲梅,李霞,张广兴.新疆夏季强降水研究若干进展及问题[J].气候与环境研究,2011,16(2):188-198.[Yang Lianmei,Li Xia,Zhang Guangxing.Some advances and problems in the study of heavy rain in Xinjiang[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2011,16(2):188-198.]
[5]	谢培,顾艳玲,张玉虎,等.1961—2015年新疆降水及干旱特征分析[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(2):332-339.[Xie Pei,Gu Yanling,Zhang Yuhu,et al.Precipitation and drought characteristics in Xinjiang during 1961-2015[J].Arid Land Geography,2017,40(2):332-339.]
[6]	苏宏超,沈永平,韩萍,等.新疆降水特征及其对水资源和生态环境的影响[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(3):343-350.[Su Hongchao,Shen Yongping,Han Ping,et al.Precipitation and its impact on water resources and ecological environment in Xinjiang region[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(3):343-350.]
[7]	张家宝.新疆降水概论[M].北京:气象出版社,1987.[Zhang Jiabao.Introduction to Precipitation in Xinjiang[M].Beijing: China Meteorological Press,1987.]
[8]	徐洁,王舒,肖高翔.不同分型厄尔尼诺事件对新疆汛期降水的影响[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(3):53-58.[Xu Jie,Wang Shu,Xiao Gaoxiang.El Nino events of different types and their impact on the flood season precipitation in Xinjiang[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2016,10(3):53-58.]
[9]	陈春艳,赵克明,阿不力米提江·阿布力克木,等.暖湿背景下新疆逐时降水变化特征研究[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(4):692-702.[Chen Chunyan,Zhao Keming,Ablimitijan Ablikim,et al.Temporal and spatial distributions of hourly rain intensity under the warm background in Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(4):692-702.]
[10]	唐冶,陈春艳,赵克明.伊宁市1991—2011年降雨特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(6):41-46.[Tang Ye,Chen Chunyan,Zhao Keming.Rainfall variation during 1991-2011 in Yining[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2014,8(6):41-46.]
[11]	赵克明,古丽格娜·海力力,美丽巴奴·艾则孜,等.喀什市降水的日变化特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(2):31-35.[Zhao Keming,Gulgina Helil,Mihribanur Aziz1,et al.Characteristic analysis on the diurnal variation of precipitation in Kashgar[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2016,10(2):31-35.]
[12]	王世杰,杨莲梅,史玉光.乌鲁木齐1991—2010年降雨特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):509-516.[Wang Shijie,Yang Lianmei,Shi Yuguang.Rainfall variation during 1991-2010 in Urumqi[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(2):509-516.]
[13]	李博渊,马宏君,庄晓翠,等.2010—2016年新疆阿勒泰地区暖季降水日变化特征[J].干旱气象,2017,35(5):797-805.[Li Boyuan,Ma Hongjun,Zhuang Xiaocui,et al.Characteristics of diurnal variation of warm season precipitation in Altai Xinjiang in 2010-2016[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2017,35(5):797-805.]
[14]	曾勇,杨莲梅.中亚低涡背景下新疆连续短时强降水特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(4):67-72.[Zeng Yong,Yang Lianmei.Characteristics of persistent short-time heavy rainfall causing by Central Asian vortex in Xinjiang[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2016,10(4):67-72.]
[15]	毛列尼·阿依提看,杨莲梅,张云惠,等.近10 a中亚低涡背景下新疆短时强降水环境场分析[J].干旱区地理,2018,41(2):273-281.[Maulen Ayitken,Yang Lianmei,Zhang Yunhui,et al.Characteristic analysis of environment of short-time heavy rainfall under the background of the Central Asian vortex in Xinjiang in recent ten years[J].Arid Land Geography,2018,41(2):273-281.]
[16]	毛列尼·阿依提看,玉素甫·木沙,郭品文.近10 a新疆短时强降水湿度层结及大气能量结构特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(2):43-49.[Maulen Ayitken,Yusuf Musa,Guo Pinwen.Humidity and unstable stratification characteristic of short-time heavy rainfall in Xinjiang in recent ten years[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2017,11(2):43-49.]
[17]	庄晓翠,赵江伟,李健丽,等.新疆阿勒泰地区短时强降水流型及环境参数特征[J].高原气象,2018,37(3):675-685.[Zhuang Xiaocui,Zhao Jiangwei,Li Jianli,et al.Characteristics of short-time heavy precipitation weather flow and environmental parameter of Altai region in Xinjiang[J].Plateau Meteorology,2018,37(3):675-685.]
[18]	杨霞,李云,赵逸舟,等.新疆一次深秋局地短时大暴雨的成因分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(1):162-170.[Yang Xia,Li Yun,Zhao Yizhou,et al.Analysis of a brief torrential rain event in autumn in Xinjiang[J].Plateau Meteorology,2014,33(1):162-170.]
[19]	赵战成.库尔勒一次强对流大暴雨天气特征分析[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(5):1 070-1 077.[Zhao Zhancheng.Characteristics of a strong convective weather and heavy rainstorm in Korla City,Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography,2016,39(5):1 070-1 077.]
[20]	陈炯,郑永光,张小玲,等.中国暖季短时强降水分布和日变化特征及其与中尺度对流系统日变化关系分析[J].气象学报,2013,71(3):367-382.[Chen Jiong,Zheng Yongguang,Zhang Xiaoling,et al.Analysis of the climatological distribution and diurnal variations of the short-duration heavy rain and its relation with diurnal variations of the MCSs over China during the warm season[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2013,71(3):367-382.]
[21]	张之贤.陇东南地区短时强降水时空分布特征及短时临近预报技术研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013.[Zhang Zhixian.Research on the Character and the Short-term Weather Forecast of Short-duration Heavy Precipitation in the Southeast Gansu[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2013.]
[22]	何晗,谌芸,肖天贵,等.冷涡背景下短时强降水的统计分析[J].气象,2015,41(12):1 466-1 476.[He Han,Shen Yun,Xiao Tiangui,et al.Statistical analysis of severe short-time precipitation under cold vortex background[J].Meteorological Monthly,2015,41(12):1 466-1 476.]
[23]	韩宁,苗春生.近6年陕甘宁三省5—9月短时强降水统计特征[J].应用气象学报,2012,23(6):691-701.[Han Ning,Miao Chunsheng.Statistical characteristics of short-time precipitation in Shan-Gan-Ning region from May to September in recent 6 years[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2012,23(6):691-701.]
[24]	张家宝.新疆短期天气预报指导手册[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1986.[Zhang Jiabao.Xinjiang Weather Forecast Guidance Manual[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang People’s Publishing House,1986.]
[25]	张学文,张家宝.新疆气象手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.[Zhang Xuewen,Zhang Jiabao.Xinjiang Meteorological Manual[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2006.]
[26]	Zhang Huan,Zhai Panmao.Temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme hourly precipitation over Eastern China in the warm season[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2011,25(5):1 177-1 183.
[27]	马明,陶善昌,祝宝友,等.卫星观测的中国及周边地区闪电密度的气候分布[J].中国科学D辑,2004,34(4):298-306.[Ma Ming,Tao Shanchang,Zhu Baoyou,et al.The climate distributions of lightning intensity come from satellite in and around China[J].Science in China Series D,2004,34(4):298-306.]
[28]	钱勇,谭侨,焦阳,等.2013—2016年新疆地区闪电活动时空特征分析[J].成都信息工程大学学报,2018,33(1):62-67.[Qian Yong,Tan Qiao,Jiao Yang,et al.Analysis on the spatio-temporal distribution features of lightning activity in Xinjiang Province during 2013-2016[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology,2018,33(1):62-67.]