潜在蒸散发估算的简化方法及其应用

干旱区研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1431-1439.

潜在蒸散发估算的简化方法及其应用

张颖^1,2，郝兴明¹ ，花顶 ^1,2，孙海涛^1,2，李玉朋^1,2

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011； 2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-12-05 修回日期:2019-01-15 出版日期:2019-11-15 发布日期:2019-11-15
通讯作者: 郝兴明
作者简介:张颖（1994 –），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为生态水文与植物生理生态. E-mail：zhangying16@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41571109）；中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项（XDA20100303）资助

A Simplified Method and Its Application for Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration

ZHANG Ying^{1, 2}, HAO Xing-ming¹, HUA Ding^1,
2, SUN Hai-tao^{1, 2}, LI Yu-peng^{1, 2}

1. Stake Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-12-05 Revised:2019-01-15 Online:2019-11-15 Published:2019-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

潜在蒸散发在区域水量平衡、干旱程度评价、农作物需水量等方面的研究中具有重要的作用。然而，潜在蒸散发的空间化处理一直以来都是相关研究面临的一个挑战。基于新疆地区1960—2017年66个气象站的观测数据，通过一种简单的参数方程，实现了潜在蒸散发（ET₀）的空间化处理。研究结果表明：① 简化参数方程中的2个重要参数a，c的空间分布呈现一定的规律，参数a在空间上呈现东南高，西北低的特点；参数c则随海拔的增加而增大。② 简化参数方程与Penman-Monteith方法相比，拟合结果在日、月和季节尺度上的R²值均大于0.90，且R²值随时间尺度的增加而增加。③ 将简化参数方程的拟合结果与CRU数据和MOD16A2数据进行对比发现：简化参数方程与Penman-Monteith方法拟合的R²值较高，拟合效果和偏差指标表现更佳，而CRU、MOD16A2数据拟合的R²值较低。简化参数方程所获得的潜在蒸散发精度高且空间分辨率更高（500 m×500 m），是一种适用于新疆地区潜在蒸散发估算的简便有效的方法。

关键词: 潜在蒸散发（ET₀）, 参数方程, Penman-Monteith公式, 空间插值

Abstract:

Potential evapotranspiration plays an important role in estimating the regional water balance and crop water demand and also assessing drought. However, the spatial interpolation of potential evapotranspiration is always a challenge for relevant researches. In this study, a simple parametric model was used to achieve the spatialization of the potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) in Xinjiang based on the observed data from 66 meteorological stations in Xinjiang from 1960 to 2017. The results indicated that: ① There was a certain regularity of spatial distribution of the two important parameters a and c of the simplified parametric model. The parameter a was spatially high in the southeast but low in the northwest of Xinjiang. The parameter c, however, was increased with the increase of altitude; ②Compared with the Penman-Monteith method, the R²valuesof the simplified parametric model at the daily, monthly and seasonal scales were all higher than 0.9, and they were increased with the increase of time scale; ③The compared results between the fitting results of the simplified parametric model and the CRU data and MOD16A2 data revealed that the R²values of the simplified parametric model and of the Penman-Monteith method were high, the fitting results and errors were better, but the R²values fitted with CRU and MOD16A2 were low. Moreover, the accuracy of potential evapotranspiration and the spatial resolution (500 m×500 m) obtained by the simplified parametric model were high. Therefore, the simplified parametric model is a convenient and effective model for calculating the ET₀ at regional scale, and can be applied to estimate the potential evapotranspiration in Xinjiang.

Key words: potential evapotranspiration (ET₀)')">

potential evapotranspiration (ET₀), parametric equation; Penman-Monteith method, spatial interpolation

张颖, 郝兴明, 花顶, 孙海涛, 李玉朋. 潜在蒸散发估算的简化方法及其应用[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(6): 1431-1439.

ZHANG Ying, HAO Xing-ming, HUA Ding, SUN Hai-tao, LI Yu-peng. A Simplified Method and Its Application for Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(6): 1431-1439.

参考文献 35

[1]	Jiang C,Nie Z,Mu X,et al.Potential evapotranspiration change and its attribution in the Qinling Mountains and surrounding area,China,during 1960-2012[J].Journal of Water & Climate Change,2016,7(3):526-541.
[2]	Lv M X,Ma Z G,Lv M Z.Effects of climate/land surface changes on streamflow with consideration of precipitation intensity and catchment characteristics in the Yellow River Basin[J].Journal of Geophysical Research：Atmospheres,2018,123(4):1 942-1 958.
[3]	[ZK(]武建军,耿广坡,周洪奎,等.全球农业旱灾脆弱性及其空间分布特征[J].中国科学：地球科学,2017,47(6):733-744.[Wu Jianjun,Geng Guangpo,Zhou Hongkui,et al.Global agricultural drought vulnerability and spatial distribution characteristics[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2017,47(6):733-744.]
[4]	Malamos N,Tegos A,Tsirogiannis I L,et al.Implementation of a regional parametric model for potential evapotranspiration assessment[C]//Montesano F F,Lamaddalena N.IrriMed 2015-Modern Technologies,Strategies and Tools for Sustainable Irrigation Management and Governance in Mediterranean Agriculture.Bari:Ciheam Valenzano,2015:1-11.
[5]	刘远，周买春.空间插值气象数据在Shuttleworth-Wallace潜在蒸散发模型中的应用[J].水利水电科技进展，2017,37(1):8-16.[Liu Yuan,Zhou Maichun.Application of spatially interpolated meteorological data in estimation of potential evapotranspiration using Shuttleworth-Wallace model[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(1):8-16.]
[6]	Mcmahon T A,Finlayson B L,Peel M C.Historical developments of models for estimating evaporation using standard meteorological data[J].Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water,2016,3(6):788-818.
[7]	Allen R G,Pereira L S,Raes D,et al.Crop Evapotranspiration:Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements.FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56[M].Italy:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome,1998:15.
[8]	Tegos A,Malamos N,Efstratiadis A,et al.Parametric modelling of potential evapotranspiration:A global survey[J].Water,2017,9(10):795.
[9]	Hao X M,Zhang S H,Li W H,et al.The uncertainty of Penman-Monteith method and the energy balance closure problem[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2018,123(14):7 433-7 443.
[10]	王永东,邱永志,许波,等.参考作物蒸散量计算方法在极端干旱区的适用性[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):390-396.[Wang Yongdong,Qiu Yongzhi,Xu Bo,et al.Reference crop evapotranspiration in hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(3):390-396.]
[11]	Tegos A,Malamos N,Koutsoyiannis D.A parsimonious regional parametric evapotranspiration model based on a simplification of the Penman-Monteith formula[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,524:708-717.
[12]	Thornthwaite C W.An approach toward a rational classification of climate[J].Geographical Review,1948,38(1):55-94.
[13]	Heydari M M,Tajamoli A,Ghoreishi S H,et al.Evaluation and calibration of Blaney-Criddle equation for estimating reference evapotranspiration in semiarid and arid regions[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(5):4 053-4 063.
[14]	Ai Z P,Yang Y H.Modification and validation of Priestley-Taylor model for estimating cotton evapotranspiration under plastic mulch condition[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2016,17(4):1 281-1 293.
[15]	Alexandris S,Stricevic R,Petkovic S.Comparative analysis of reference evapotranspiration from the surface of rainfed grass in central Serbia,calculated by six empirical methods against the Penman-Monteith formula[J].European Water,2008,21/22:17-28.
[16]	Allen R G,Pruitt W O.Rational use of the FAO Blaney-Criddle formula[J].Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Engineering,1986,112(2):139-155.
[17]	Zhao S H,Yang Y H,Zhang F,et al.Rapid evaluation of reference evapotranspiration in Northern China[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(2):647-657.
[18]	Haslinger K,Bartsch A.Creating long-term gridded fields of reference evapotranspiration in Alpine terrain based on a recalibrated Hargreaves method[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2016,20(3):1 211-1 223. 
[19]	Tegos A,Efstratiadis A,Koutsoyiannis D.A parametric model for potential evapotranspiration estimation based on a simplified formulation of the PenmanMonteith equation[C]//Alexandris S G.Evapotran Spiration:An Overview.Rijeka:InTech,2013:143-165.
[20]	Baik J,Choi M.Multi-satellite-based water budget components in south Korea[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2018,77:93.
[21]	Mccabe G J,Wolock D M.Variability and trends in global drought[J].Earth and Space Science,2015,2(6):223-228.
[22]	Mu Q Z,Zhao M S,Running S W.Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(8):1 781-1 800.
[23]	Dhungel R,Allen R G,Trezza R,et al.Comparison of latent heat flux using aerodynamic methods and using the Penman-Monteith method with satellite-based surface energy balance[J].Remote Sensing,2014,6(9):8 844-8 877.
[24]	Hutchinson M F,Xu T B.Anusplin Version 4.4 User Guide[M].Canberra:The Austranlian National University,2013:5-13.
[25]	Makkink G F.Ekzameno de la formula de Penman[J].Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,1957(5)：290-305.
[26]	Penman H L.Natural evaporation from open water,bare soil and grass[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1948,193(1 032):120-145.
[27]	Mcmahon T A,Peel M C,Lowe L,et al.Estimating actual,potential,reference crop and pan evaporation using standard meteorological data:A pragmatic synthesis[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions,2013,17（4）:1 331-1 363.
[28]	史建国，严昌荣，何文清，等.黄河流域潜在蒸散量时空格局变化分析[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(6):773-778.[Shi Jianguo,Yan Changrong，He Wenqing，et al.Study on spatiotemporal change of evapotranspiration in the Yellow River Basin[J].Arid Zone Research,2007,24(6):773-778.]
[29]	Wang J,Lv X,Wang J L,et al.Spatiotemporal variations of reference crop evapotranspiration in Northern Xinjiang,China[J].The Scientific World Journal,2014,2 014:931515,doi:10.1155/2014/931515.
[30]	普宗朝,张山清,王胜兰,等.近48 a新疆干湿气候时空变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1 563-1 572.[Pu Zongchao,Zhang Shanqing,Wang Shenglan,et al.The spatial-temporal variation characteristic of dry-wet climate in rencent 48 years in Xinjiang Province,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(6):1 563-1 572.]
[31]	Mcvicar T R,Van Niel T G,Li L T,et al.Spatially distributing monthly reference evapotranspiration and pan evaporation considering topographic influences[J].Journal of Hydrology,2007,338(3-4):196-220.
[32]	Choudhury B J.Global pattern of potential evaporation calculated from the Penman-Monteith equation using satellite and assimilated data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1997,61(1):64-81.
[33]	马亮,魏光辉.新疆塔里木盆地西缘参考作物蒸散发模型的适用性评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(8):132-137.[Ma Liang,Wei Guanghui.Applicability evaluation on the ET0 model in western margin of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(8):132-137.]
[34]	张山清,普宗朝.新疆参考作物蒸散量时空变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(5):73-79.[Zhang Shanqing,Pu Zongchao.Temporal and spatial variations characteristics of reference evapotranspiration in Xinjiang[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(5):73-79.]
[35]	辛渝,赵逸舟,毛炜峄,等.新疆太阳总辐射资料的均一性检验与气候学估算式的再探讨[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):878-889.[Xin Yu,Zhao Yizhou,Mao Weiyi,et al.Homogeneity test of the total solar radiation data series and further research on climatological calculation over Xinjiang[J].Plateau Meteorology,2011,30(4):878-889.]