死亡植株对新疆野苹果种群遗传多样性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2018.01.21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)为国家二级保护植物和重要的野生果树种质资源。选取遭受小吉丁虫等病虫害破坏最为严重的新源县种群为对象,利用微卫星(SSR)标记死亡植株和存活植株的基因型,对比两者间的遗传差异,探究树木死亡对新疆野苹果种群遗传多样性的影响。结果表明:① 死亡植株与存活植株间没有显著的遗传分化,这说明新疆野苹果植株死亡不存在遗传相关性,为随机死亡过程;② 树木死亡对新源县种群的遗传结构未产生重大影响,遗传多样性水平仅轻微减小,但丢失了许多低频度等位基因;③ 未来的监测和评价中,等位基因数(N_a)比遗传多样性指数能更有效地反映新疆野苹果遗传资源变化。

关键词: 新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii), 种质资源, 树木死亡, 遗传多样性, 微卫星标记, 病虫害, 新源县, 新疆

Abstract: Malus sieversii is one of the national second-class protective plants and an important wild fruit germplasm resources.In this study, the M.sieversii population in Xinyuan County, Xinjiang was selected to research the genetic difference between the death and alive individuals of M.sieversii suffering from the serious diseases and insect pests than other populations, the effect of death individuals on the genetic diversity of M.sieversii was evaluated, and the genotypes of death and alive individuals were marked using the microsatellite markers.The results are as follows: ① There was no significant genetic divergence between the death and alive individuals, which indicated that the death of M.sieversii was random and out of genetic correlation;② Genetic structure of M.sieversii population in Xinyuan was not significantly influenced by tree death.The level of genetic diversity decreased slightly after the tree death, but a lot of low frequency alleles were lost;③ During the future monitoring and evaluation of the change of M.sieversii genetic resources, the number of alleles (N_a) was more suitable for effectively reflecting the variation of genetic resources than the indexes of genetic diversity.

Key words: Malus sieversii, germplasm resources, tree death, genetic diversity, SSR, diseases and insect pests, Xinyuan County, Xinjiang

李宇秀, 张宏祥. 死亡植株对新疆野苹果种群遗传多样性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(1): 165-170.

LI Yu-xiu, ZHANG Hong-xiang. Effect of Death Individual on the Genetic Diversity of Malus sieversii Population[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2018, 35(1): 165-170.

参考文献

〔1〕阎国荣,许正.中国新疆野生果树研究〔M〕.北京:中国林业出版社,2010.〔Yan Guorong,Xu Zheng.Study on the Wild Fruit Trees in Xinjiang,China〔M〕.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2010.〕
〔2〕张新时.伊犁野果林的生态地理特征和群落学问题〔J〕.植物学报,1973,15(2):239-253.〔Zhang Xinshi.On the eco-geographical characters and the problems of classification of the wild fruit-tree forest in the Ili Valley of Sinkiang〔J〕.Acta Botanica Sinica,1973,15(2):239-253.〕
〔3〕羊海军,崔大方,许正,等.中国天山野果林种子植物组成及资源状况分析〔J〕.植物资源与环境学报,2003,12(2):39-45.〔Yang Haijun,Cui Dafang,Xu Zheng,et al.Analysis on the components and resource situation of seed plants in the wild fruit forest in Tianshan Mountain in China〔J〕.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2003,12(2):39-45.〕
〔4〕 Harris S A,Robinson J P,Juniper B E.Genetic clues to the origin of the apple〔J〕.Trends in Genetics,2002,18(8):426-430.
〔5〕 Robinson J P,Harris S A,Juniper B E.Taxonomy of the genus Malus Mill.(Rosaceae) with emphasis on the cultivated apple,Malus domestica Borkh〔J〕.Plant Systematics and Evolution,2001,226(1/2):35-58.
〔6〕林培钧,崔乃然.天山野果林资源:伊犁野果林综合研究〔M〕.北京:中国林业出版社,2000.〔Lin Peijun,Cui Nairan.Wild Fruit Forest Resources in the Tianshan Mountains:A Comprehensive Research of Ili Wild Fruit Forest〔M〕.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2000.〕
〔7〕徐佳宁,刘钢,马盼,等.新疆野苹果逆境响应机制研究进展〔J〕.山东农业科学,2014,46(8):138-141.〔Xu Jianing,Liu Gang,Ma Pan,et al.Research progress of adversity response mechanism of Malus sieversii〔J〕.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2014,46(8):138-141.〕
〔8〕崔大方,廖文波,羊海军,等.中国伊犁天山野果林区系表征地理成分及区系发生的研究〔J〕.林业科学研究,2006,19(5):555-560.〔Cui Dafang,Liao Wenbo,Yang Haijun,et al.Studies on the floristic composition and genesis of the wild fruit forest in Tianshan Mountains in China〔J〕.Forest Research,2006,19(5):555-560.〕
〔9〕秦伟,沙红,刘立强,等.新疆野苹果资源遗传多样性SSR分析〔J〕.果树学报,2012,29(2):161-165.〔Qin Wei,Sha Hong,Liu Liqiang,et al.SSR analysis for genetic diversity of Malus sieversii from Xinjiang,China〔J〕.Journal of Fruit Science,2012,29(2):161-165.〕
〔10〕Zhang C Y,Chen X S,He T M,et al.Genetic structure of Malus sieversii population from Xinjiang,China,revealed by SSR markers〔J〕.Journal of Genetics and Genomics,2007,34(10):947-955.
〔11〕张春雨,陈学森,林群,等.新疆野苹果群体遗传结构和遗传多样性的SRAP分析〔J〕.园艺学报,2009,36(1):7-14.〔Zhang Chunyu,Chen Xuesen,Lin Qun,et al.SRAP markers for population genetic structure and genetic diversity in Malus sieversii from Xinjiang,China〔J〕.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2009,36(1):7-14.〕
〔12〕Zhang H X,Zhang M L,Wang L N.Genetic structure and historical demography of Malus sieversii in the Yili Valley and the western mountains of the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China〔J〕.Journal of Arid Land,2015,7(2):264-271.
〔13〕阎国荣,张立运,许正.天山野果林生态系统受损现状及其保护〔J〕.干旱区研究,1999,16(4):1-4.〔Yan Guorong,Zhang Liyun,Xu Zheng.The suffer losses for wild fruits forest ecosystem of Tianshan Mts in Xinjiang and its conservation〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,1999,16(4):1-4.〕
〔14〕刘华,臧润国,丁易,等.天山西部新疆野苹果种群特征〔J〕.林业科学,2010,46(11):1-7.〔Liu Hua,Zang Runguo,Ding Yi,et al.Population characteristics of Malus sieversii in the west part of Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang〔J〕.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2010,46(11):1-7.〕
〔15〕刘忠权,陈卫民,许正,等.新疆天山西部野苹果林分布与苹果小吉丁虫危害现状研究〔J〕.北方园艺,2014,17(1):121-124.〔Liu Zhongquan,Chen Weimin,Xu Zheng,et al.Malus sieversii forest distribution and Agrilus mali Matsumura status of damage in the west part of Tianshan Mountains〔J〕.Northern Horticulture,2014,17(1):121-124.〕
〔16〕阎国荣,许正.天山野生果树主要病害及其分布〔J〕.干旱区研究,2001,18(2):47-49.〔Yan Guorong,Xu Zheng.Study on the wild fruit tree diseases of Tianshan Mountains and their distribution in Xinjiang〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2001,18(2):47-49.〕
〔17〕刘彬.新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)生态调查及生长发育的生物学基础研究〔D〕.天津:天津农学院,2016.〔Liu Bin.Ecological Survey and Growth Biological Basis in Malus sieversii〔D〕.Tianjin:Tianjin Agricultural University,2016.〕
〔18〕王智勇.新疆野苹果林苹小吉丁生物防治技术研究〔D〕.北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.〔Wang Zhiyong.Researchs on Biological Control of Agrilus mali Matsumura (Coleoptera:Buprestidae) in Stands of Malus sieversii in Xinjiang〔D〕.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2013.〕
〔19〕Doyle J J,Doyle J L.A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue〔J〕.Phytochemical Bulletin,1986,19(1):11-15.
〔20〕苏志豪,潘伯荣,卓立,等.中国天山山区新疆贝母居群遗传多样性及其环境适应性〔J〕.干旱区研究,2017,34(1):119-125.〔Su Zhihao,Pan Borong,Zhuo Li,et al.Genetic diversity and environmental adaptability of Fritillaria walujewii in the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):119-125.〕
〔21〕Hokanson S C,Szewcmcfadden A K,Lamboy W F,et al.Microsatellite (SSR) markers reveal genetic identities,genetic diversity and relationships in a Malus xdomestica borkh.core subset collection〔J〕.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,1998,97(5/6):671-683.
〔22〕Richards C M,Volk G M,Reilley A A,et al.Genetic diversity and population structure in Malus sieversii,a wild progenitor species of domesticated apple〔J〕.Tree Genetics & Genomes,2009,5(2):339-347.
〔23〕Peakall R,Smouse P E.GenAlEx 6.5:Genetic analysis in Excel.Population genetic software for teaching and research-an update〔J〕.Bioinformatics,2012,28(19):2 537-2 539.
〔24〕Pritchard J K,Stephens M,Donnelly P.Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data〔J〕.Genetics,2000,155(2):945-959.
〔25〕Jakobsson M,Rosenberg N A.Clumpp:A cluster matching and permutation program for dealing with label switching and multimodality in analysis of population structure〔J〕.Bioinformatics,2007,23(14):1 801-1 806.
〔26〕Rosenberg N A.Distruct:A program for the graphical display of population structure〔J〕.Molecular Ecology Resources,2004,4(1):137-138.
〔27〕郑建伟.采伐对热带森林树木种群恢复及遗传多样性的影响〔D〕.江苏:南京大学,2005.〔Zheng Jianwei.The Effect of Logging on the Population Restoration and Genetic Diversity of Tropical Forest Trees〔D〕.Jiangsu:Nanjing University,2005.〕
〔28〕简耘,石磊,李丹,等.森林砍伐对苦槠种群遗传结构的影响〔J〕.生态学报,2008,28(12):6 228-6 234.〔Jian Yun,Shi Lei,Li Dan,et al.Effects of deforestation on the genetic structure of Castanopsis sclerophylla〔J〕.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(12):6 228-6 234.〕
〔29〕Wang R,Compton S G,Shi Y S,et al.Fragmentation reduces regional-scale spatial genetic structure in a wind-pollinated tree because genetic barriers are removed〔J〕.Ecology & Evolution,2012,2(9):2 250-2 261.
〔30〕卓元午.两个海南特有种的遗传多样性〔D〕.江苏:南京大学,2003.〔Zuo Yuanwu.Genetic Diversity of Two Endemic Plant Species in Hainan Province〔D〕.Jiangsu:Nanjing University,2003.〕
〔31〕刘洋,李诚志,刘志辉,等.基于WRF模式的新疆巴音布鲁克盆地强降雨天气数值模拟效果分析〔J〕.干旱区研究,2016,33(1):28-37.〔Liu Yang,Li Chengzhi,Liu Zhihui,et al.Analysis on the numerical simulation of heavy rainfall based on WRF Model in Bayanbuluk Basin〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2016,33(1):28-37.〕
〔32〕轩俊伟,郑江华,刘志辉.基于SPEI的新疆干旱时空变化特征〔J〕.干旱区研究,2016,33(2):338-344.〔Xuan Junwei,Zheng Jianghua,Liu Zhihui.SPEI-based spatiotemporal variation of drought in Xinjiang〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2016,33(2):338-344.〕

[1]	林芷叶, 王建成, 朱成林, 苏志豪. 贮藏方式对不同颜色新疆沙冬青种子萌发与活力的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(7): 1291-1300.
[2]	林琦, 张彦龙, 曹亮明, 王小艺, 肉孜·吐热普, 高桂珍. 新疆野果林新发害虫虹彩窄吉丁及其危害研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(7): 1348-1356.
[3]	郭建茂, 吴登国, 韩金龙, 张茹水, 王勇. 基于雷达和遥感卫星的新疆区域降水反演[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(6): 957-969.
[4]	陈颖, 刘精, 邵伟玲, 贾孜拉·拜山, 田书婷. 1981—2020年新疆冬季区域极端低温事件的多时间尺度环流特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(5): 775-787.
[5]	陈珍, 蔡朝朝, 马楠, 戴硕, 王震鲁. 2001—2023年新疆NDVI时空格局与驱动力分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(5): 922-932.
[6]	刘精, 郑育琳, 刘艳, 李晗薇. 新疆夏季降水主模态年代际变化及影响因子分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(4): 577-588.
[7]	李晓鹏, 李康, 雷双, 贾富贵, 徐静. 基于TVDI的新疆地区干旱时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(4): 589-599.
[8]	张晶, 何爽, 张爱勤. 基于SSR分子标记的5个黄花补血草居群花型变异及其遗传效应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(3): 499-510.
[9]	罗磊, 李曦光, 李萧婷, 王磊, 王蕾. 气候变化下沙棘在新疆潜在分布格局的变化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(3): 511-522.
[10]	赵世康, 穆振侠, 李刚, 杨荣钦, 黄娩婷. 新疆大气可降水量时空演变特征及其与降水转化关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(2): 191-201.
[11]	郭娜, 陈伏龙, 王统霞, 吕廷波, 龙爱华. 1979—2022年新疆地区空中水汽变化特征及未来多情景预估[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(10): 1753-1765.
[12]	邓超宏, 叶强, 孟岩, 崔大方, 张金波. 新疆小麦族植物资源考证及其分类学修订[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(10): 1939-1948.
[13]	吕宁, 国语, 彭琴, 尹飞虎, 张嘉淇, 刘杏认, 曾梅, 许子函. 新疆耕地利用碳源/汇效应时空演变特征及其贡献因子[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(1): 179-190.
[14]	邹彬, 邹珊, 杨余辉. 1990—2023年新疆地表水体面积动态变化及其驱动因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(1): 40-50.
[15]	孙琳琳, 刘琼, 黄观, 陈勇航, 魏鑫, 郭玉琳, 张太西, 高天一, 许赟红. 新疆和周边“一带一路”地区不同云天条件下地表太阳辐射[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(9): 1480-1490.