干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 984-991.

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木河干流河道生态需水量研究

刘新华1,2，徐海量1，凌红波1,2，白元1,2，傅荩仪1,2，戴岳1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011；2.中国科学院研究生院，北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2011-11-09 修回日期:2011-12-08 出版日期:2012-11-15 发布日期:2012-11-19
  • 作者简介:刘新华(1986-)，男，新疆库尔勒人，硕士，研究方向为干旱区生态水文. E-mail: liuxinhua2010@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(30970549，40971284)；水利部公益性行业科研专项(201101049)

Study on Ecological Water Requirements along the Mainstream Channel of the Tarim River

LIU Xin-hua1, 2, XU Hai-liang1,  LING Hong-bo1, 2,  BAI Yuan1,2,  FU Jin-yi1, 2,  DAI Yue1, 2   

  1. 1.Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China; 2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2011-11-09 Revised:2011-12-08 Published:2012-11-15 Online:2012-11-19

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被引次数

19

摘要： 基于有序聚类法，在对1957—2006年塔里木河干流径流序列受人类活动显著影响突变点判别的基础上，对干流新渠满、乌斯满和恰拉3个水文断面河道逐月最小生态需水量和适宜需水量进行计算。结果表明：① 近50 a来，人类活动对干流水资源影响程度不断增大，1976年前的径流量可以近似看作自然状态；② 新渠满、乌斯满和恰拉河道年最小需水量分别为17.68×108 m3、10.02×108 m3和3.29×108 m3，年适宜需水量分别为35.65×108 m3、18.23×108 m3和7.00×108 m3；③一般用水期（10月至翌年3月）保证新渠满、乌斯满和恰拉河道最小需水量5.33×108 m3、3.77×108 m3和1.32×108 m3，用水敏感期（4—9月）保证适宜需水量28.99×108 m3、13.70×108 m3和5.09×108 m3即可确保干流河道生态系统健康。

关键词: 水资源, 河道, 生态, 需水, 人类活动, 塔里木河干流

Abstract: In this study, the sequential clustering method was used to discriminate the significant sharp change of human activities in the mainstream area of the Tarim River during the period of 1957-2006. The lowest and suitable monthly ecological water requirements at the Xinquman, Usuman and Qara hydrological sections were calculated. The results showed that the disturbance of human activities on water resources in the mainstream area of the Tarim River was increased in recent 50 years. Runoff of the mainstream of the Tarim River was basically natural before the year of 1976, but a sharp increase of human activities occurred in 1976. The lowest annual ecological water requirements at the Xinquman, Usuman and Qara hydrological sections were 17.68×108 m3, 10.02×108 m3 and 3.29×108 m3, and the suitable ones were 35.65×108 m3, 18.23×108 m3 and 7.00×108 m3, respectively. The health of ecosystems in the mainstream area of the Tarim River could be ensured if the lowest ecological water requirements at these hydrological sections could be maintained at 5.33×108 m3, 3.77×108 m3 and 1.32×108 m3 during the general water consumption period from October to next March and at 28.99×108 m3, 13.70×108 m3 and 5.09×108 m3 during the sensitive water consumption period from April to September.

Key words: water resources, channel, ecology, ecological water requirement, human activities, mainstream of the Tarim River