1983-2003年浑善达克沙地中部沙丘植被在放牧条件下的比较

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 313-320.

1983-2003年浑善达克沙地中部沙丘植被在放牧条件下的比较

彭羽^1,2, 薛达元¹, 牛书丽², 刘美珍², 李永庚², 蒋高明²

1. 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081;
2. 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2010-04-05 修回日期:2010-08-10 出版日期:2011-04-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
作者简介:Peng Yu(1973-),male,Ph.D,research fiele is plant ecology,E-mail:yuupeng@yahoo.com.cn
基金资助:
National Science and Technology Promotion Project(2008BADOB05);The 111 Project,Minzu University of China(B08044)

Vegetation Change in Response to Continuous Grazing in the Center of Hunshandak Sandland During the Period of 1983-2003

PENG Yu^1,2, XUE Da-yuan¹, NIU Shu-li², LIU Mei-zhen², LI Yong-geng², JIANG Gao-ming²

1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Natconal Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2010-04-05 Revised:2010-08-10 Published:2011-04-25 Online:2011-09-06
Supported by:
National Science and Technology Promotion Project(2008BADOB05);The 111 Project,Minzu University of China(B08044)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究长期放牧条件下植被的变化,采用样方调查方法分析了1983-2003年浑善达克沙地中部的沙丘植被在放牧条件下的变化。期间,物种多样性、生物量和盖度在第1个10年缓慢下降,而第2个10年则加速下降,在沙丘阳坡形成了以适口性差的一年生草本植物为主的稀疏植被,阴坡以木本树木为主。且表现为木本植物的降低速度比草本植物慢。1983年,沙丘阳坡植物以褐沙蒿(Artemisia intramongolica)、展枝唐松草(Thalictrum squarro-sum)、叉分蓼(Polygonum davaricatum)为主;阴坡植物以白榆(Ulmus pumila)、圆叶桦(Betula rotundifolia)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)为主。而到了2003年,沙丘阳坡植被主要为褐沙蒿、雾冰藜(Bassia dasyphylla)、虫实(Corispermum heptapotamicum);阴坡植被主要为稠李(Prunus padus)、柴桦(Betula fruticosa)、耧斗叶绣线菊(Spiraeaaquilegifolia)等。分析表明,20年间植被变化主要是由放牧造成的,气候变化并非主因。20年来,牛羊数量剧增,超过了草原承载力,而气温和降水则没有明显变化。

关键词: 植被变化, 放牧, 沙地植被, 生物量, 全球变化, 浑善达克沙地

Abstract: The vegetation changes in response to continuous grazing in the center of Hunshandak Sandland,northern China during the period of 1983-2003 was investigated in field.Results indicated that species diversity,biomass and coverage decreased slowly in the first 10-year period and decreased quickly in the second 10-year period,and woody plant declined more slowly than herbaceous plant.The vegetation type mainly consisted of a sparse cover of unpalatable annual grass and shrubs on the sunny slope,and woody trees on the shady slope of sandy dune.The vegetation was dominated by Artemisia intramongolica,Thalictrum squarrosum,Polygonum davaricatum on the sunny slope and by Ulmus pumila,Betula rotundifolia,Cleistogenes squarrosa on the shady slope of sandy dune in 1983.However,the dominant species were replaced by Artemisia intramongolica,Bassia dasyphylla,Corispermum heptapotamicum on the sunny slope and Prunus padus,Betula fruticosa,Spiraea aquilegifolia on the shady slope in 2003,respectively.The degradation of vegetation throughout the past 20 years was mainly caused by continuous over-grazing rather than climate changes.The number of livestock exceeded the threshold of carrying capacity of grassland,the stock density increased from 0.2 cattle and 0.4 sheep per hm² to 0.5 cattle and 0.8 sheep per hm²,while the climate factors of precipitation and temperature did not show significant fluctuation during the period.

Key words: vegetation change, continuous grazing, sandy grassland, biomass, global change, Hunshandak Sandland

中图分类号:

Q948.1

彭羽, 薛达元, 牛书丽, 刘美珍, 李永庚, 蒋高明. 1983-2003年浑善达克沙地中部沙丘植被在放牧条件下的比较[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(2): 313-320.

PENG Yu, XUE Da-yuan, NIU Shu-li, LIU Mei-zhen, LI Yong-geng, JIANG Gao-ming. Vegetation Change in Response to Continuous Grazing in the Center of Hunshandak Sandland During the Period of 1983-2003[J]. , 2011, 28(2): 313-320.

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