氮磷施肥对沙地樟子松叶片养分含量及生理特性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氮、磷合理施肥是促进沙地樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）生长发育的重要举措。本文以毛乌素沙地樟子松为研究对象，以未施肥处理为对照（CK），设置N1（氮46 g·株^-1）、N2（氮92 g·株^-1）、P1（磷18 g·株^-1）、P2（磷36 g·株^-1）、P1N1（磷18 g·株^-1、氮46 g·株^-1）、P1N2（磷18 g·株^-1、氮92 g·株^-1）、P2N1（磷36 g·株^-1、氮46 g·株^-1）及P2N2（磷36 g·株^-1、氮92 g·株^-1）等8个施肥处理，研究氮磷施肥处理下樟子松叶片的营养元素、叶绿素、丙二醛及超氧阴离子含量，并分析以上指标间的相关性及综合排序。结果表明：单施氮肥或磷肥、氮磷肥配施后，樟子松叶片中全氮、全磷、全钾、总钙、总镁含量普遍显著增加（P<0.05），氮、磷施肥有利于氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的获取及吸收。随氮肥或者磷肥的施用量的增加，叶绿素含量并未显著增加甚至存在降低的现象。与CK相比，P1、P1N1、P1N2、P2N1等施肥处理下丙二醛含量显著降低（P<0.05），与氮肥相比，磷肥的适当添加可增强植物的抗逆性。与CK相比，P1N1、P1N2、P2N1施肥处理下超氧阴离子含量显著降低（P<0.05），即氮磷配施更有利于植物抵抗氧化损伤。基于隶属函数值及施肥成本，P1N1为最佳施肥配比。通过以上研究，以期为沙地樟子松的合理施肥管理提供理论依据。

关键词: 樟子松, 氮磷肥, 营养元素, 叶绿素, 抗性

Abstract:

Applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers effectively can significantly improve the growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in sandy regions. To investigate this, we conducted a study on P. sylvestris var. mongolica trees in the Mu Us Sandy Land. We included an unfertilized control (CK) and tested eight different fertilization treatments: N1 (46 g N per plant), N2 (92 g N per plant), P1 (18 g P per plant), P2 (36 g P per plant), P1N1 (18 g P and 46 g N per plant), P1N2 (18 g P and 92 g N per plant), P2N1 (36 g P and 46 g N per plant), and P2N2 (36 g P and 92 g N per plant). Specifically, the present study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of P. sylvestris var. mongolica needles to varying N and P fertilization regimes. We quantified nutrient elements, chlorophyll, malondialdehyde, and superoxide anion concentrations. Correlations and comprehensive ranking analyses of these indicators were conducted to establish a theoretical framework for sustainable fertilization in sandy habitats. Our results show that both single and combined applications of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers significantly increased the concentrations of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the needles (P<0.05), confirming enhanced nutrient uptake. While higher nitrogen or phosphorus rates did not significantly increase chlorophyll content and sometimes led to a decline, certain treatments reduced oxidative stress markers. Specifically, malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in the P1, P1N1, P1N2, and P2N1 treatments relative to CK (P<0.05), indicating that phosphorus enhances stress tolerance. Similarly, P1N1, P1N2, and P2N1 treatments significantly reduced superoxide anion levels (P<0.05), demonstrating that combined nitrogen and phosphorus application confers greater resistance to oxidative damage. A comprehensive analysis, incorporating a membership function value and fertilization costs, identified P1N1 as the most effective fertilization strategy.

Key words: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, nutrient elements, chlorophyll, resistance

张惠, 高宏宇, 张正, 刘翠英. 氮磷施肥对沙地樟子松叶片养分含量及生理特性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(11): 2083-2092.

ZHANG Hui, GAO Hongyu, ZHANG Zheng, LIU Cuiying. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on nutrient content and physiological traits of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica needles in sandy land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(11): 2083-2092.

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处理	氮/（g·株^-1）（尿素21%）	磷/（g·株^-1）（过磷酸钙12%）
1（CK）	0	0
2（P1）	0	18 g（过磷酸钙施肥量150 g）
3（P2）	0	36 g（过磷酸钙施肥量300 g）
4（N1）	46 g（尿素施肥量200 g）	0
5（N2）	92 g（尿素施肥量400 g）	0
6（P1N1）	46 g（尿素施肥量200 g）	18 g（过磷酸钙施肥量150 g）
7（P1N2）	92 g（尿素施肥量400 g）	18 g（过磷酸钙施肥量150 g）
8（P2N2）	92 g（尿素施肥量400 g）	36 g（过磷酸钙施肥量300 g）
9（P2N1）	46 g（尿素施肥量200 g）	36 g（过磷酸钙施肥量300 g）

组合	隶属函数值			平均	排序
组合	施肥后10 d	施肥后20 d	施肥后40 d	平均	排序
CK	0.03	0.06	0.02	0.04	9
N1	0.55	0.72	0.73	0.66	4
N2	0.34	0.42	0.53	0.43	6
P1	0.55	0.46	0.47	0.50	5
P2	0.33	0.38	0.46	0.39	7
P1N1	0.72	0.88	0.89	0.83	1
P1N2	0.85	0.80	0.86	0.83	1
P2N1	0.55	0.59	0.90	0.68	3
P2N2	0.33	0.40	0.39	0.37	8