干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 2031-2043.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.07

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河“几字弯”典型半干旱小流域水沙变化及驱动机制

杨亚飞1,2(), 张秋芬2, 吕锡芝2(), 王帅1,2, 倪用鑫2, 王建伟2, 张恒硕2, 马力2   

  1. 1.郑州大学水利与交通学院,河南 郑州 450001
    2.黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南省黄河流域生态环境保护与修复重点实验室,河南 郑州 450003
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-15 修回日期:2025-07-01 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-12-13
  • 通讯作者: 吕锡芝. E-mail: nihulvxizhi@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨亚飞(2001-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持和生态水文研究. E-mail: yangyafei1006@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(U2443205);国家自然科学基金项目(52322903);国家自然科学基金项目(U2243234);国家自然科学基金项目(52209022);国家自然科学基金项目(52409026);国家自然科学基金项目(42407063);河南省自然科学基金(242300421661);河南省科技攻关项目(252102320224)

Trends and influencing factors of water-sediment variation in the semiarid reaches of the Yellow River’s “Ji Zi Bend”

YANG Yafei1,2(), ZHANG Qiufen2, LYU Xizhi2(), WANG Shuai1,2, NI Yongxin2, WANG Jianwei2, ZHANG Hengshuo2, MA Li2   

  1. 1. College of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
    2. Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Yellow Basin Ecological Protection and Restoration, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-05-15 Revised:2025-07-01 Published:2025-11-15 Online:2025-12-13

摘要: 黄河“几字弯”区域作为黄河流域重要产沙区及水蚀风蚀交错地带,其水沙关系受风沙活动与极端降水的双重干扰,呈现高度复杂性。基于黄河“几字弯”毛不拉孔兑、西柳沟和皇甫川流域1964—2020年的水文气象数据,采用Mann-Kendall检验、双累积曲线法和累积距平法等,揭示了水沙时空变化规律及驱动因素。结果表明:(1) 三个流域年径流量和输沙量均显著下降,但下降速率未完全遵循自西向东梯度变化,表明人类活动调控效应超越了自然地理梯度约束。(2) 水沙突变年份与关键生态工程实施时间高度吻合,如毛不拉孔兑、西柳沟对应退耕还林还草政策的实施及淤地坝建设,皇甫川对应禁牧政策。(3) 研究流域水沙锐减主要由人类活动驱动,其对径流和输沙减少的平均贡献率达90%以上,且调控效应随生态治理工程持续推进显著增强。研究成果可为黄河流域差异化生态治理提供科学依据。

关键词: 黄河“几字弯”, 半干旱流域, 水沙变化, 人类活动, 气候变化

Abstract:

The Ji Zi Bend of the Yellow River—a critical sediment source area and water-wind erosion ecotone within the Yellow River Basin—exhibits highly complex water-sediment relationships driven by a combination of aeolian activity and extreme precipitation events. Based on hydro-meteorological data from the Maobulakongdui, Xiliugou, and Huangfuchuan watersheds within the bend for the years 1964-2020, scholars have used various methods(e.g., Mann-Kendall test, double mass curve analysis, and cumulative anomaly method) to elucidate patterns in the spatiotemporal variation of runoff and sediment transport and their influencing factors.The results demonstrate (1) significant downward trends in annual runoff and sediment load for the three watersheds. However, decline rates partially deviated from the west-to-east geographical gradient. Notably, the transitional Xiliugou watershed exhibited the lowest decline rates but the highest anthropogenic contributions, which implies that human interventions override natural geographical gradient. (2) Abrupt change years observed in runoff and sediment series closely aligned with the implementation timelines of major ecological projects. Specifically, changes in Maobulakongdui and Xiliugou corresponded with the implementation periods of the Grain for Green Program and Large-scale Check Dam Construction, while the change in Huangfuchuan was strongly associated with the enforcement of a Grazing Exclusion Policy. (3) Human activities predominantly drove the drastic reduction in water and sediment within these typical bend watersheds, which accounted for an average contribution rate of more than 90% to reductions in runoff and sediment load. Furthermore, this regulatory effect has significantly intensified with the ongoing advancement of ecological management projects. These results can provide a scientific basis for differentiated ecological governance strategies in the Yellow River Basin.

Key words: Yellow River’s “Ji Zi Bend”, semiarid basin, water-sediment variation, human activities, climate change