甘家湖自然保护区梭梭种群结构与动态特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.05.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解新疆甘家湖梭梭林国家级自然保护区内梭梭种群的结构与动态，在自然保护区内设置了52块20 m×20 m的样地，通过样地调查和数据统计，编制梭梭种群静态生命表，绘制存活曲线，分析梭梭种群的数量动态变化。结果表明：（1）梭梭种群年龄结构为增长型，Ⅰ~Ⅳ龄级（基径0~12 cm）个体数占种群总个体数的81.05%。（2）梭梭种群死亡率在Ⅴ龄级（12~15 cm）、Ⅵ龄级（15~18 cm）与Ⅶ龄级（18~21 cm）较高，波动变化明显，其存活曲线为Deevey-Ⅱ型。（3）梭梭种群动态变化指数大于零（V_pi>V′_pi>0），且种群在外部环境干扰下承担的最大风险概率（P_max）为0.09，说明梭梭种群为增长型并具有一定的抗干扰能力。（4）梭梭种群在未来的2~10个龄级后，除Ⅱ龄级（3~6 cm）个体经过2个龄级后有所减少外，其余龄级个体数均呈现不同程度的增加趋势。

关键词: 梭梭, 白梭梭, 年龄结构, 生存分析, 时间序列

Abstract:

To examine the structure and dynamics of the Haloxylon forest in Ganjiahu, 52 plots measuring 20 m×20 m were established in the nature reserve. Through sample plot analysis and data statistics, the static life table of the Haloxylon population was compiled, a survival curve was drawn, and the quantitative dynamic change of the population was determined. The results indicated that: (1) The population structure of Haloxylon was growing, and the number of young individuals (Ⅰ-Ⅳ age classes, basal diameter 0-12 cm) accounted for 81.05% of the total number of individuals in the population. (2) The death rate in the Ⅴ (12-15 cm), Ⅵ (15-18 cm), and Ⅶ (18-21 cm) age classes of the Haloxylon population was higher, showing a significant fluctuation, and its survival curve was close to Deevey-Ⅱ. (3) The quantitative dynamic index of the Haloxylon population (V_pi and V′_pi) was greater than 0, and the probability of risk assumed (P_max) was 0.09, indicating that the population was of a growth type and could resist interference. (4) Following 2-10 age classes in the future, the number of individuals in the remaining age classes exhibited an increasing trend to varying degrees, except that the number of individuals in the second age class (3-6 cm) decreased after two age classes.

Key words: Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge, Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boiss. et Buhse, age structure, survival analysis, time series

赵悦悦, 李子涵, 吴爽, 邢韶华. 甘家湖自然保护区梭梭种群结构与动态特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(5): 866-874.

ZHAO Yueyue, LI Zihan, WU Shuang, XING Shaohua. Population structure and dynamic characteristics of Haloxylon in Ganjiahu Nature Reserve[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(5): 866-874.

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	龄级
	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	Ⅷ	Ⅸ	Ⅹ	Ⅺ
存活数a_i₀/株	65	322	309	181	111	45	26	10	8	4	1
匀滑修正后存活数a_i/株	300	249	198	146	95	45	26	10	8	4	1

龄级	a_i/株	l_i/株	d_i/株	q_i	L_i/株	T_i/株	e_i	ln l_i	K_i
Ⅰ	300	1000.00	170.00	0.17	915.00	915.00	0.92	6.91	0.19
Ⅱ	249	830.00	170.00	0.20	745.00	1660.00	2.00	6.72	0.23
Ⅲ	198	660.00	173.33	0.26	573.33	2233.33	3.38	6.49	0.30
Ⅳ	146	486.67	170.00	0.35	401.67	2635.00	5.41	6.19	0.43
Ⅴ	95	316.67	166.67	0.53	233.33	2868.33	9.06	5.76	0.75
Ⅵ	45	150.00	63.33	0.42	118.33	2986.67	19.91	5.01	0.55
Ⅶ	26	86.67	53.33	0.62	60.00	3046.67	35.15	4.46	0.96
Ⅷ	10	33.33	6.67	0.20	30.00	3076.67	92.30	3.51	0.22
Ⅸ	8	26.67	13.33	0.50	20.00	3096.67	116.13	3.28	0.69
Ⅹ	4	13.33	10.00	0.75	8.33	3105.00	232.88	2.59	1.39
Ⅺ	1	3.33	-	-	-	-	-	1.20	-

存活曲线方程	R²	Adjusted R²	F	P	类型
y=8.1509e^-0.036x	0.9848	0.9833	650.0	<0.01	Deevey-Ⅱ
y=9.0320x^-0.2644	0.9474	0.9421	179.9	<0.01	Deevey-Ⅱ

种群动态指数	种群动态指数值	种群动态指数	种群动态指数值
V₁	0.17	V₈	0.20
V₂	0.20	V₉	0.50
V₃	0.26	V₁₀	0.75
V₄	0.35
V₅	0.53	V_pi	3.55
V₆	0.42	V′_pi	0.32
V₇	0.62	P_max	0.09

龄级	初始个体数/株	M_t /株
龄级	初始个体数/株	M₂	M₄	M₆	M₈	M₁₀
Ⅰ	65
Ⅱ	322	194
Ⅲ	309	316
Ⅳ	181	245	219
Ⅴ	111	146	231
Ⅵ	45	78	162	172
Ⅶ	26	36	91	166
Ⅷ	10	18	48	114	134
Ⅸ	8	9	22	64	127
Ⅹ	4	6	12	34	87	108
Ⅺ	1	3	6	16	48	102
总计	1082	1051	791	566	396	210