液膜覆盖对旱地土壤结构特征及入渗性能的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究长期液膜覆盖对旱地土壤结构及入渗性能的影响,于2015—2018年在山西农业大学林业试验站进行了田间随机区组试验。试验设计有垄沟耕作和平作方式下的液膜和塑膜覆盖,以平作不覆盖为对照。结果表明:（1）液膜覆盖能改善土壤理化性质。和其他处理相比,PY、LY显著增加了土壤有机质含量和毛管孔隙度;与对照(CK)相比较,PY、LY、PS、LS的土壤容重均有显著降低。（2）液膜覆盖能改善土壤结构特性。和其他处理比较,LY显著提高了干筛、湿筛>0.25 mm团聚体含量,PY、LY显著降低了土壤团聚体结构破坏率及显著提高了团聚体水稳性指数。（3）液膜覆盖提高了土壤稳定入渗性能。PY、LY的稳定入渗率和平均入渗率显著高于其他处理。（4）同种覆盖方式下,垄沟耕作较平作更有利于改良土壤结构特征,但二者对稳定入渗率的影响没有显著差异。（5）初始入渗率与土壤理化指标间没有显著相关性。稳定入渗率和平均入渗率与毛管孔隙度、>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、团聚体破坏率与团聚体水稳性指数间有显著或极显著相关性。

关键词: 液态地膜, 垄沟耕作, 土壤结构, 入渗, 旱地

Abstract:

The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design in the forestry test station of Shanxi Agricultural University from 2015 to 2018 to study the effects of long-term liquid film mulching on the soil structure and infiltration characteristics of drylands. The experimental design included the liquid or plastic film mulching in ridge and furrow planting or conventional tillage conditions. Liquid film mulching improved the soil physical and chemical properties. Compared with the other treatments, the content of organic matter and the soil capillary porosity were increased significantly in the liquid film mulching treatment. Compared with the control, the soil bulk density of the other treatments was remarkably reduced. Liquid film mulching improved the soil structure characteristics. Compared with the other treatments, the soil aggregate compositions and the water stability soil aggregate compositions of >0.25 mm particle size were markedly increased in the liquid film mulching and ridge and furrow planting conditions. The soil aggregate breakage rate was reduced and the soil aggregate water stability index was improved remarkably by liquid film mulching. Liquid film mulching improved the stable soil infiltration performance. Compared with the other treatments, the stable infiltration rates and the accumulative infiltration rates in 120 min were increased markedly in liquid film mulching. In the same kind of coverage condition, compared with the conventional tillage method, the ridge and furrow planting method was beneficial to improve the soil structure characteristics. There was no significant difference between the two planting methods in the steady infiltration rates. Correlations showed that there was no significant correlation between the initial infiltration rate and the soil physical and chemical index. The soil aggregate compositions of >0.25 mm particle size, MWD, the soil aggregate breakage rate, and soil aggregate water stability index significantly affected the stable and accumulative infiltration rates in 120 min.

Key words: liquid film, ridge and furrow planting, soil structure, infiltration, dryland

白秀梅,张垚,张勇,杜轶. 液膜覆盖对旱地土壤结构特征及入渗性能的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 665-671.

BAI Xiumei,ZHANG Yao,ZHANG Yong,DU Yi. Effects of liquid film mulching on the soil structure and infiltration characteristics of drylands[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 665-671.

图/表 5

图1

表1

表2

表3

表4

参考文献 24

[1]	陈亚凯, 邵芳, 乔志勇, 等. 黄河泥沙充填复垦耕地表层土壤垂直入渗特性研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2014,22(7):798-805.
	[ Chen Yakai, Shao Fang, Qiao Zhiyong, et al. Vertical infiltration characteristics of reclaimed farmland soils with Yellow River sediment fill[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2014,22(7):798-805. ]
[2]	吕春花, 郑粉莉. 冰草根系生长发育对土壤团聚体形成和稳定性的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2004,11(4):97-100.
	[ Lyu Chunhua, Zheng Fenli. Soil aggregate formation and stability as effected by root growth of ryegrass[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004,11(4):97-100. ]
[3]	王勇, 张建辉, 张泽洪, 等. 长期向上耕作对坡耕地土壤水稳定性团聚体的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2016,23(1):44-49.
	[ Wang Yong, Zhang Jianhui, Zhang Zehong, et al. Impacts of long-term upslope tillage systems on soil water-stable aggregates on a steep hillslope[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016,23(1):44-49. ]
[4]	陈文媛, 张少妮, 华瑞, 等. 黄土丘陵区林草恢复进程中土壤入渗特征研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2017,39(1):62-69.
	[ Chen Wenyuan, Zhang Shaoni, Hua Rui, et al. Effects of forestland and grassland restoration process on soil infiltration characteristics in loess hilly region[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017,39(1):62-69. ]
[5]	袁建平, 张素丽, 张春燕, 等. 黄土丘陵区小流域土壤稳定入渗速率空间变异[J]. 土壤学报, 2001,38(4):579-583.
	[ Yuan Jianping, Zhang Suli, Zhang Chunyan, et al. Spatial variability of soil stable infiltration rate in small watershed in Loess Hilly Region[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2001,38(4):579-583. ]
[6]	郭天雷, 胡雪琴, 黄先智, 等. 紫色丘陵区坡耕地生物埂土壤结构特征及其对入渗的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015,29(1):36-40.
	[ Guo Tianlei, Hu Xueqin, Huang Xianzhi, et al. Soil structural characteristics and its effect on infiltration on sloping farmland bio-bank in purple hilly area[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015,29(1):36-40. ]
[7]	Zhang G S, Chan K Y, Oates A, et al. Relationship between soil structure and runoff/soil loss after 24 years of conservation tillage[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2006,92(1):122-128. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2006.01.006
[8]	Franzluebbers A J. Water infiltration and soil structure related to organic matter and its stratification with depth[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2002,66(2):197-205. doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00027-2
[9]	杜轶, 董晓辉, 张勇, 等. 垄沟耕作条件下液膜覆盖对土壤水热状况及玉米生长的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,37(1):72-77.
	[ Du Yi, Dong Xiaohui, Zhang Yong, et al. Effects on soil temperature, moisture and maize growth of liquid film mulching in ridge and furrow planting conditions[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,37(1):72-77. ]
[10]	张洁, 姚宇卿, 吕军杰, 等. 液态地膜对土壤物理性状的影响及增产效果[J]. 土壤通报, 2005,36(4):638-640.
	[ Zhang Jie, Yao Yuqing, Lyu Junjie, et al. Effect of liquid film on crop yield and soil physical behavior[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2005,36(4):638-640. ]
[11]	莫非, 周宏, 王建永, 等. 田间微集雨技术研究及应用[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013,29(8):1-17.
	[ Mo Fei, Zhou Hong, Wang Jianyong, et al. Development and application of micro-field rain-harvesting technologies[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013,29(8):1-17. ]
[12]	吕殿青, 邵明安, 王全九, 等. 垄沟耕作条件下的土壤水分分布试验研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2003,40(1):147-150.
	[ Lyu Dianqing, Shao Mingan, Wang Quanjiu, et al. Experimental study on soil water distribution under ridge and furrow cultivation[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2003,40(1):147-150. ]
[13]	白秀梅, 卫正新, 郭汉清. 旱地起垄覆膜微集水种植玉米技术研究[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2011,31(1):13-17.
	[ Bai Xiumei, Wei Zhengxin, Guo Hanqing. Study on micro-rainwater catchment and planting technique of ridge film mulching and furrow seeding of corn in dryland[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition), 2011,31(1):13-17. ]
[14]	周昌明, 李援农, 银敏华, 等. 液态地膜覆盖下种植方式对土壤水分和玉米生长的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2016,47(4):49-58.
	[ Zhou Changming, Li Yuannong, Ying Minghua, et al. Effects of cropping patterns on soil moisture and maize growth under liquid film mulching[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016,47(4):49-58. ]
[15]	李云光, 王振华, 张金珠, 等. 液体地膜覆盖对滴灌棉花生长及土壤水温盐环境的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2014,23(12):110-115.
	[ Li Yunguang, Wang Zhenhua, Zhang jinzhu, et al. Effects of liquid film mulching on the growth of drip irrigated cotton and soil moisture, temperature and salts[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2014,23(12):110-115. ]
[16]	依艳丽. 土壤物理研究法[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2009: 55-70.
	[ Yi Yanli. Soil Physics Research Method[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2009: 55-70. ]
[17]	邱莉萍, 张兴昌, 张晋爱, 等. 黄土高原长期培肥土壤团聚体中养分和酶的分布[J]. 生态学报, 2006,26(2):364-372.
	[ Qiu Liping, Zhang Xingchang, Zhang Jinai, et al. Distribution of nutrients and enzymes in Loess Plateau soil aggregates after long-term fertilization[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006,26(2):364-372. ]
[18]	汪三树, 史东梅, 蒋光毅, 等. 紫色丘陵区坡耕地生物埂的土壤结构稳定性与抗蚀性分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2012,26(6):31-35.
	[ Jiang Sanshu, Shi Dongmei, Jiang Guangyi, et al. Analysis of soil structure stability and corrosion resistance of slop land bio-bank in purple hilly area[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012,26(6):31-35. ]
[19]	赵勇钢, 赵世伟, 曹丽花, 等. 半干旱典型草原区退耕地土壤结构特征及其对入渗的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008,24(6):14-20.
	[ Zhao Yonggang, Zhao Shiwei, Cao Lihua, et al. Soil structural characteristics and its effect on infiltration on abandoned lands in semi-arid typical grassland areas[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2008,24(6):14-20. ]
[20]	温晓霞, 韩思明, 赵风霞, 等. 旱作小麦地膜覆盖生态效应研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2003,11(2):93-95.
	[ Wen Xiaoxia, Han Siming, Zhao Fengxia, et al. Study on the ecological effects of film mulching on dryland wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2003,11(2):93-95. ]
[21]	强小嫚, 周新国, 李彩霞, 等. 不同水分处理下液膜覆盖对夏玉米生长及产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010,26(1):54-60.
	[ Qiang Xiaoman, Zhou Xinguo, Li Caixia, et al. Effect of liquid film mulching on growth and yield of summer maize under different soil moisture conditions[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010,26(1):54-60. ]
[22]	杨青华, 贺德先, 刘华山, 等. 液体地膜覆盖对棉花产量与土壤环境的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2005,21(5):123-126.
	[ Yang Qinghua, He Dexian, Liu Huashan, et al. Effect of liquid film mulching on cotton yield and soil environment[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2005,21(5):123-126. ]
[23]	张国全, 韦丹, 聂立水, 等. 液体地膜对黄土丘陵沟壑区侧柏林土壤性质影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2015,13(5):140-144.
	[ Zhang Guoquan, Wei Dan, Nie Lishui, et al. Effects of liquid film mulching on soil properties of Platycladus orientalis stand in the hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau, western China[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015,13(5):140-144. ]
[24]	莫斌, 陈晓燕, 杨以翠, 等. 不同土地利用类型土壤入渗性能及其影响因素研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2016,23(1):13-17.
	[ Mo Bin, Chen Xiaoyan, Yang Yicui, et al. Research on soil infiltration capacity and its influencing factors in different land uses[J]. Resrarch of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016,23(1):13-17. ]

处理	有机质 /(g·kg^-1)	土壤容重 /(g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 /%	毛管孔隙度 /%	粒径组成/%
处理	有机质 /(g·kg^-1)	土壤容重 /(g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 /%	毛管孔隙度 /%	1~0.05 mm	0.05~0.001 mm	<0.001 mm
PY	9.59a	1.22b	53.96a	44.96a	35.74a	43.2a	21.06b
LY	10.26a	1.25b	52.80ab	45.83a	36.34a	39.57b	24.09a
PS	6.63c	1.23b	53.58a	43.58b	36.80a	41.78a	21.42ab
LS	7.29bc	1.27b	52.08b	44.08b	37.13a	39.46b	23.41a
CK	8.25b	1.35a	49.06c	39.06c	37.67a	40.44ab	21.89a

处理	干筛>0.25 mm 团聚体含量/%	湿筛>0.25 mm 团聚体含量/%	湿筛团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）	结构破坏率/%	水稳性指数/%
PY	77.17c	36.24b	1.14bc	53.04cd	31.76a
LY	85.54a	42.53a	1.28a	50.28d	33.71a
PS	81.70b	32.57c	0.99cd	60.13b	23.27b
LS	82.66ab	36.55b	1.21ab	55.78c	16.43c
CK	78.11c	25.78d	0.92d	66.70a	8.54d

处理	初始含水率/%	初始入渗率/(mm·min^-1 )	稳定入渗率/(mm·min^-1 )	120 min平均入渗率/(mm·min^-1 )
PY	10.94a	7.42a	0.89a	1.50a
LY	11.32a	6.34ab	0.86a	1.39a
PS	10.67a	8.39a	0.58b	1.26b
LS	11.52a	5.58b	0.55b	1.25b
CK	10.01a	7.87a	0.54b	1.04c

	有机质/(g·kg^-1)	毛管孔隙度/%	>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体/%	团聚体破坏率/%	团聚体水稳性指数/%
初始入渗率/(mm·min^-1 )	0.231	0.048	-0.099	0.083	0.123
稳定入渗率/(mm·min^-1 )	0.355	0.592^*	0.507^*	-0.589^*	0.733^**
平均入渗率/(mm·min^-1 )	0.549^*	0.768^*	0.682^*	-0.765^**	0.938^**