焉耆盆地绿洲农田不同类型土壤有机碳空间分布特征及储量估算

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤有机碳（SOC）是生态系统稳定性和农业生产力的基础,充分了解焉耆盆地绿洲不同土壤类型SOC分布特征,对实现农业系统可持续发展具有重要意义。以新疆焉耆盆地绿洲长期定点试验的监测数据为基础,利用生物地球化学模型（DNDC）进行模拟试验,研究在当前的田间管理和气候模式下,焉耆盆地绿洲农田土壤有机碳密度（SOCD）和土壤有机碳储量（SOCS）的空间分布特征,并探究了在不同的土壤类型下SOCD和SOCS的差异性。结果表明:（1） DNDC模型能够很好的模拟该区域下SOC及其动态变化,模型相关系数（r）>92.75%,相对误差（E）介于2.98%~4.12%,<5%,模型的可靠性较高。（2） 2018年焉耆盆地绿洲农田0~20 cm SOCD介于12000~28000 kg·hm^-2,SOCS为2414 Gg,不同区域之间的差异较为明显。（3）不同的土壤类型之间,SOCD和SOCS差异明显,其中沼泽土的SOCD最大,为25136 kg·hm^-2;石质土的SOCD最小,为13335 kg·hm^-2。

关键词: 土壤有机碳, DNDC模型, 焉耆盆地绿洲, 土壤类型, 有机碳储量, 农田土壤

Abstract:

We investigated the density and spatial distribution of Yanqi basin oasis farmland soil organic carbon (SOC) among different soil types. Using long-term monitoring data from the Yanqi basin of the Xinjiang oasis area, we applied the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model to conduct a simulated experiment. The results of the experiment showed that the DNDC model accurately simulated the SOC and its dynamic changes in this region, producing a correlation coefficient (r) higher than 92.75%. The relative error (E) was between 2.98% and 4.12%, indicating that the model has high reliability. In 2018, the SOC density in the 0-20 cm layer in the oasis area of Yanqi Basin was 12000-28000 kg·hm^-2, and the total soil organic carbon reserves were 2414 Mg, with obvious differences among regions. Additionally, significant differences in SOC density and reserves were detected among soil types. The SOC density was highest in marsh soil at 25136 kg·hm^-2 and lowest in stony soil at 13335 kg·hm^-2. The implementation of specific field management measures for different regions and soil types is essential to restore the SOC cycle balance and facilitate the sustainable development of farmland in China.

Key words: oil organic carbon, DeNitrification-DeComposition model, Yanqi Oasis Basin, different soil types, organic carbon reserves, farmland soil

史常明,柳洋,张富荣,赵云飞,肖锦锦,汪霞. 焉耆盆地绿洲农田不同类型土壤有机碳空间分布特征及储量估算[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 672-681.

SHI Changming,LIU Yang,ZHANG Furong,ZHAO Yunfei,XIAO Jinjin,WANG Xia. Soil organic carbon spatial distribution and reserve estimation of different soil types in Yanqi Basin oasis area[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 672-681.

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类别	处理
类别	YL	YF	BF	BY	JX	SX
种植作物	辣椒	番茄	番茄	玉米	春小麦	春小麦
土壤质地	粉砂质壤土	粉砂质壤土	粉砂质壤土	壤土	壤土	砂质壤土
土壤类型	棕漠土	沼泽土	潮土	潮土	棕漠土	棕漠土
种植日期	04-15	04-15	04-05	04-05	04-05	04-15
收获日期	09-25	09-15	09-15	10-05	10-05	07-20
N/（kg·hm^-2）	140.33	135.07	149.25	159.41	184.32	168.89
P₂O₅/（kg·hm^-2）	47.11	40.86	41.30	50.43	52.21	45.08
K₂O/（kg·hm^-2）	96.89	115.1	111.96	140.62	130.24	128.24
秸秆还田比例/%	50	50	50	50	50	50
初始有机碳含量/（g·kg^-1）	13.88	11.09	8.56	9.26	9.16	10.02
初始容重/（g·cm^-3）	1.31	1.28	1.27	1.36	1.42	1.34

参数	默认值			观测值
参数	粉砂质壤土	壤土	砂质壤土	粉砂质壤土	壤土	砂质壤土
黏土比例	0.140	0.190	0.090	0.120	0.078	0.083
孔隙度	0.485	0.451	0.435	0.479	0.459	0.421
萎焉点	0.20	0.22	0.15	0.25	0.28	0.19
田间持水量	0.40	0.49	0.32	0.43	0.50	0.36

类别	处理
类别	YL	YF	BF	BY	JX	SX
RMSE/%	1.2	2.5	2.1	2.3	1.2	1.7
MAE/%	1.30	2.10	1.67	1.63	1.20	1.50
E/%	3.56	4.12	3.12	3.45	3.33	2.98
r/%	96.14	92.75	99.45	97.49	99.24	98.55

土壤类型	面积/km²	百分比/%	SOCS/Gg	百分比/%	SOCD/(kg·hm^-2)
棕漠土	692	26.79	347.45	14.39	17200
风沙土	65	2.52	58.69	2.43	16303
石质土	12	0.46	4.71	0.20	13334
草甸土	290	11.23	364.73	15.11	20490
潮土	849	32.87	1017.85	42.16	24234
沼泽土	97	3.76	123.16	5.10	25135
盐土	461	17.85	380.95	15.78	23228
灌漠土	117	4.53	116.65	4.83	19770

土壤类型	焉耆县		博湖县		和硕县		和静县
土壤类型	面积/km²	百分比/%	面积/km²	百分比/%	面积/km²	百分比/%	面积/km²	百分比/%
棕漠土	154.16	23.91	58.24	14.00	376.83	49.97	102.77	14.76
风沙土	0	0	1.81	0.43	3.61	0.48	0	0
石质土	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
草甸土	22.81	3.54	104.27	25.06	16.29	2.16	146.63	21.05
潮土	327.47	50.79	135.44	32.55	141.50	18.76	244.59	35.12
沼泽土	15.84	2.46	37.61	9.04	0	0.00	43.55	6.25
盐土	92.76	14.39	78.71	18.92	174.28	23.11	115.25	16.55
灌漠土	31.73	4.92	0	0	41.64	5.52	43.63	6.26