银川平原草甸湿地土壤养分特征与植物响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.04.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究草甸湿地土壤养分特征,阐明草甸湿地土壤养分对植物养分的影响,在银川平原选取3种生境的草甸湿地(沼泽草甸、典型草甸和盐生草甸)作为研究对象,通过野外调查、实验室分析,结合经典统计学方法对土壤养分及植物养分进行分析。结果表明:① 水平梯度上,除全磷(TP)外,3种草甸湿地之间土壤养分含量在土层0~20 cm变化显著(P<0.05)。② 在垂直梯度上,全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)在盐生草甸中垂直变化不显著(P>0.05),但在典型草甸与沼泽草甸垂直方向上波动幅度较大;TP在草甸湿地土壤中垂直变化不显著(P>0.05);速效磷(AP)与速效钾(AK)在草甸湿地表层具有一定程度的富集效应,并且在不同草甸湿地土层垂直方向上变化显著(P<0.05)。③ 土壤中C、N和P含量的变化趋势一致;AK与土壤P具有显著的相关性(P<0.05)。④ 草甸湿地植物养分均表现为N限制,其中C∶N、C∶P与土壤养分呈负相关,植物N∶P受土壤有机碳(SOC)、AN影响较为显著。

关键词: 草甸湿地, 土壤养分, 植物养分, 银川平原

Abstract: In this study,three types of meadow wetlands (marsh meadows,typical meadows and salty meadows) in the Yinchuan Plain were selected as the research subjects.An analysis of soil nutrients and plant nutrients was conducted with classical statistical methods through field investigation and laboratory analysis.The main conclusions are as follows:① At the horizontal gradient,except for soil total phosphorus (TP),the difference of soil nutrient level in soil layer of 0-20 cm in depth among the three meadow wetlands was obvious (P<0.05).② The vertical variation of soil total nitrogen (TN) and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) in the salty meadow was not obvious (P>0.05),but the vertical fluctuation in the typical meadow and swamp meadow was larger.The vertical change of TP in meadow wetland soil was not obvious (P>0.05).An enrichment of soil available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) occurred in topsoil in the meadow wetland to a certain extent,and the vertical change was very obvious (P<0.05).③ The change trends of C,N and P contents in soil were consistent.There was a significant correlation between soil AK content and soil P content (P<0.05).④ Plant nutrients in the meadow wetland was affected by N,in which the C∶N and C∶P were negatively correlated with soil nutrients,and plant N∶P was significantly affected by soil organic carbon(SOC) and AN.

Key words: meadow wetland, soil nutrient, plant nutrient, Yinchuan Plain

苏芝屯, 吴春燕, 何彤慧, 乔斌, 冯艳琼, 王筱平. 银川平原草甸湿地土壤养分特征与植物响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(4): 816-823.

SU Zhi-tun, WU Chun-yan, HE Tong-hui, QIAO Bin, FENG Yan-qiong, WANG Xiao-ping. Soil Nutrient Characteristics and Plant Response in Meadow Wetland in the Yinchuan Plain[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(4): 816-823.

参考文献

[1] 赖建东,田昆,郭雪莲,等.纳帕海湿地土壤有机碳和微生物量碳研究[J].湿地科学,2014,12(1):49-54.
[Lai Jiandong,Tian Kun,Guo Xuelian,et al.Organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in soil in Napahai wetlands[J].Wetland Science,2014,12(1):49-54.]
[2] 蔡倩倩,郭志华,胡启鹏,等.若尔盖高寒嵩草草甸湿地不同水分条件下土壤有机碳的垂直分布[J].林业科学,2013,49(3):9-16.
[Cai Qianqian,Guo Zhihua,Hu Qipeng,et al.Vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and carbon storage under different hydrologic conditions in Zoigê Alpine Kobresia meadows wetland[J].Scientla Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(3):9-16.]
[3] 马维伟,王辉,王跃思,等.甘南尕海草甸湿地不同海拔高度土壤性状研究[J].草地学报,2012,20(6):1044-1050.
[Ma Weiwei,Wang Hui,Wang Yuesi,et al.Soil properties of meadow wetlands for different altitudes in Gahai of Ganan[J].Acta Agrestia sinica,2012,20(6):1044-1050.]
[4] 王丽,杨涛,杜红霞,等.不同水位梯度下拉鲁湿地典型湿草甸植物群落特征[J].植物资源与环境学报,2018,27(1):11-16.
[Wang Li,Yang Tao,Du Hongxia,et al.Plant community characteristics of typical wet meadow in Lalu wetland under different water level gradients[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environtment,2018,27(1):11-16.]
[5] 王丽,张镱锂,王兆锋,等.放牧及水文扰动对拉萨地区湿草甸湿地土壤特征的影响[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):66-69.
[Wang Li,Zhang Yili,Wang Zhaofeng,et al.Effect of grazing and hydrological disturbance on soil properties of wet meadow wetland in Lhasa[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(1):66-69.]
[6] 王丽,王兆锋,张镱锂,等.火烧对拉萨地区湿草甸湿地土壤养分特征的影响[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(5):549-554.
[Wang Li,Wang Zhaofeng,Zhang Yili,et al.Effects of fire burning on wet meadow soil nutrient conditions in Lhasa[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(5):549-554.]
[7] 何彤慧.银川平原不同类型湿地的历史演变[J].人民黄河,2016.38(4):54-58.
[He Tonghui.Historical evolution of different wetlands types in the Yinchuan Plain[J].Yellow River,2016,38(4):54-58.]
[8] 夏贵菊,何彤慧,于骥,等.银川平原草甸湿地盐土及其盐分分布特征[J].土壤,2016,48(4):785-792.
[Xia Guiju,He Tonghui,Yu Ji,et al.Salt profile distributions of meadow wetland in Yinchuan Plain[J].Soils,2016,48(4):785-792.]
[9] 夏贵菊,何彤慧,于骥,等.银川平原草甸湿地表层土盐分累积特征[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):142-148.
[Xia Guiju,He Tonghui,Yu Ji,et al.Salt accumulation characteristics of topsoil in meadow wetland in Yinchuan plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(5):142-148.]
[10] 缑倩倩,屈建军,王国华,等.中国干旱半干旱地区湿地研究进展[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(2):213-220.
[Gou Qianqian,Qu Jianjun,Wang Guohua,et al.Process of wetland researches in arid and semi-arid regions in China[J].Arid Zone Research,2015,32(2):213-220.]
[11] 曹祥会,龙怀玉,周脚根,等.中温-暖温带表土碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的空间变异性——以河北省为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):6053-6063.
[Cao Xianghui,Long Huaiyu,Zhou Jiaogen,et al.Spatial variation of ecological stoichiometry characteristics of topsoil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in Hebei Province,China[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2017,37(18):6053-6063.]
[12] 聂兰琴,吴琴,尧波,等.鄱阳湖湿地优势植物叶片-凋落物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1898-1906.
[Nie Lanqin,Wu Qin,Yao Bo,et al.Leaf litter and soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus stoichiometry of dominant plant species in the Poyang Lake wetland[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(7):1898-1906.]
[13] 杜改俊,李艳红,张小萌,等.艾比湖湿地典型植物群落土壤养分和盐分的空间异质性[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(8):1302-1309.
[Du Gaijun,Li Yanhong,Zhang Xiaomeng,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of the soil nutrient and salinity of the typical plant communities in Ebinur Lake Wetland[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(8):1302-1309.]
[14] 肖烨,商丽娜,黄志刚,等.吉林东部山地沼泽湿地土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征[J].地理科学,2014,34(8):994-1001.
[Xiao Ye,Shang Lina,Huang Zhigang,et al.Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in mountain swamps of Eastern Jilin Province[J].Scientia Geoeraphica Sinica,2014,34(8):994-1001.]
[15] Song Y Y,Song C C,Ren J S,et al.Influence of nitrogen additions on litter decomposition,nutrient dynamics,and enzymatic activity of two plant species in a peatland in Northeast China[J].Sciense of the Total Environment,2018,625:640-646.
[16] 丁小慧,宫立,王东波,等.放牧对呼伦贝尔草地植物和土壤生态化学计量学特征的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4722-4730.
[Ding Xiaohui,Gong Li,Wang Dongbo,et al.Grazing effects on eco-stoichiometry of plant and soil in Hulumbeir,Inner Mogolia[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(15):4722-4730.]
[17] 李从娟,徐新文,孙永强,等.不同生境下三种荒漠植物叶片及土壤C、N、P的化学计量特征[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(5):996-1004.
[Li Congjuan,Xu Xinwen,Sun Yongqiang,et al.Stoichiometric characteristics of C,N,P for three desert plants leaf and soil at different habitats[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(5):996-1004.]
[18] Zhang D,Wang C,Li X L,et al.Linking plant ecological stoichiometry with soil nutrient and bacterial communities in apple orchards[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2018,126:1-10.
[19] Cavagnaro T R.Soil moisture legacy effects: Impacts on soil nutrients,plants and mycorrhizal responsiveness[J].Soil Biology and Biochemestry,2016,95:173-179.
[20] 吕永磊,梁文业,张仲胜.西藏地区典型泥炭地土壤理化性质及其碳、氮、磷化学计量学特征[J].湿地科学,2017,15(4):526-531.
[Lü Yonglei,Liang Wenye,Zhang Zhongsheng.Physicochemical property of soils in typical peatlands in Tibet Area and their stoichiometry characteristics of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Wetland Science,2017,15(4):526-531.]
[21] 李占斌,周波,马田田,等.黄土丘陵区生态治理对土壤碳氮磷及其化学计量特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):312-318.
[Li Zhanbin,Zhou Bo,Ma Tiantian,et al.Effects of ecological management on characteristics of soil carbon,nitrogen phosphorus and their stoichiometry in Loess Hilly Region,China[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(6):312-318.]
[22] 路嘉丽,沈光,王琼,等.落叶松、水曲柳、樟子松和农田土壤指标差异及其综合比较[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):3543-3552.
[Lu Jiali,Shen Guang,Wang Qiong,et al.Larch,ash,scots pine,and farmland-induced differences on soil parameters and their comprehensive analyses[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(10):3543-3552.]
[23] Duan H,Wang L,Zhang Y N,et al.Variable decomposition of two plant litters and their effects on the carbon sequestration ability of wetland soil in the Yangtze River estuary[J].Geoderma,2018,319:230-238.
[24] 郭京衡,李尝君,曾凡江,等.2种荒漠植物根系生物量分布与土壤水分、养分的关系[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(1):166-171.
[Guo Jingheng,Li Changjun,Zeng Fanjiang,et al.Relationship between root biomass distribution and moisture nutrient for two desert plant species[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(1):166-171.]
[25] 淑敏,姜涛,王东丽,等.科尔沁沙地不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤生态化学计量特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(4):789-795.
[Shu Min,Jiang Tao,Wang Dongli,et al.Soil ecological stoichiometry under the planted of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forests with different stand ages in the Horqin Sandy Land[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(4):789-795.]
[26] 张立华,陈小兵.盐碱地柽柳“盐岛”和“肥岛”效应及其碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):653-658.
[Zhang Lihua,Chen Xiaobing.Characteristics of ‘salt island ’and ‘fertile island’ for Tamarix chinensis and soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry in saline-alkali land[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):653-658.]
[27] 李丹维,王紫泉,田海霞,等.太白山不同海拔土壤碳、氮、磷含量及生态化学计量特征[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):160-170.
[Li Danwei,Wang Ziquan,Tian Haixia,et al.Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus contents in soils on Taibai Mountain and their ecological stoichiometry relative to elevation[J].Acta Pedlological Sinica,2017,54(1):160-170.]
[28] 周正虎,王传宽,张全智.土地利用变化对东北温带幼龄林土壤碳氮磷含量及其化学计量特征的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(20):6694-6702.
[Zhou Zhenghu,Wang Chuankuan,Zhang Quanzhi.The effect of land use change on soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus contents and their stoichiometry in temperate sapling stands in Northeastern China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(20):6694-6702.]
[29] 青烨,孙飞达,李勇,等.若尔盖高寒退化湿地土壤碳氮磷比及相关性分析[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):38-47.
[Qing Ye,Sun Feida,Li Yong,et al.Analysis of soil caibon,nitrogen and phosphorus in degraded alpine wetland,Zoige,Southwest China[J].Acta Prataculturas Sinica,2015,24(3):38-47.]
[30] 闫慧,吴茜,丁佳,等.不同降水及氮添加对浙江古田山4种树木幼苗光合生理生态特征与生物量的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4226-4236.
[Yan Hui,Wu Qian,Ding Jia,et al.Effect of precipitation and nitrogen addition on photosynthetically eco-physiological characteristics and biomass of four tree seedlings in Gutian Mountain,Zhejiang Province,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(14):4226-4236.]
[31] 朱海强,李艳红,李发东.近10年艾比湖湿地不同植物群落土壤水分—盐分—养分变化特征[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(3):535-543.
[Zhu Haiqiang,Li Yanhong,Li Fadong.Characteristics of soil moisture,salinity and nutrients in different plant communities of Ebinur Lake wetland during the past decade[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2018,38(3):535-543.]
[32] 胡芳,杜虎,曾馥平,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复对土壤养分含量和微生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(6):2170-2179.
[Hu Fang,Du Hu,Zeng Fuping,et al.Dynamics of soil nutrient content and microbial diversity following vegetation restoration in a typical karst peak cluster depression landscape[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2018,38(6):2170-2179.]
[33] 韩华,王昊彬,余华光,等.崇明滩涂湿地不同盐度梯度下芦苇种群及土壤的生态化学计量学特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(5):816-823.
[Han Hua,Wang Haobin,Yu Huaguang,et al.Ecological stoichiometry of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus of Phragmites australis population under soil salinity gradients in Chongming wetlands[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(5):816-823.]
[34] 汤松波,习丹,任文丹,等.鹤山不同植被土壤有机碳分布特征[J].土壤,2018,50(1):122-130.
[Tang Songbo,Xi Dan,Ren Wendan,et al.Characteristics of soil organic carbon under different forest types in Heshan of Southern China[J].Soils,2018,50(1):122-130.]
[35] 曾全超,李鑫,董扬红,等.黄土高原延河流域不同植被类型下土壤生态化学计量学特征[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(11):1881-1891.
[Zeng Quanchao,Li Xin,Dong Yanghong,et al.Ecological stoichiometry of soils in the Yanhe watershed in the Loess Plateau:The influence of different vegetation zones[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(11):1881-1891.]
[36] 李新尧,杨联安,杨煜岑,等.猕猴桃园和小麦—玉米轮作田两种土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):28-35.
[Li Xinrao,Yang Lian’an,Yang Yuceng,et al.Effects of kiwifruit trees planting and wheat-maize rotation planting on the status of soil nutrients[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2018,36(1):28-35.]
[37] 陈嘉茜,张玲玲,李炯,等.蕨类植物碳氮磷化学计量特征及其与土壤养分的关系[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2014,22(6):567-575.
[Chen Jiaqian,Zhang Lingling,Li Jiong,et al.Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of two fern species and their relationships to nutrient availability[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2014,22(6):567-575.]
[38] 胡耀升,么旭阳,刘艳红.长白山森林不同演替阶段植物与土壤氮磷的化学计量特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):632-638.
[Hu Yaosheng,Yao Xuyang,Liu Yanhong.N and P stoichiometric traits of plant and soil in different forest succession stages in Changbai Mountains[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(3):632-638.]
[39] 曾昭霞,王克林,刘孝利,等.桂西北喀斯特森林植物—凋落物—土壤生态化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(7):682-693.
[Zeng Zhaoxia,Wang Kelin,Liu Xiaoli,et al.Stoichiometric characteristics of plants,litter and soils in karst plant communities of North-West Guangxi[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,39(7):682-693.]
[40] 赵维俊,刘贤德,金铭,等.祁连山青海云杉林叶片—枯落物—土壤的碳氮磷生态化学计量特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):477-489.
[Zhao Weijun,Liu Xiande,Jin Ming,et al.Ecological stoichiometric characteristics of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in leaf-litter-soil system of Picea crassifolia forest in the Qilian Mountains[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(2):477-489.]