干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 269-276.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2018.02.03

• 亚洲中部生态与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

西北干旱区大气水分循环要素变化研究进展

姚俊强1,2, 杨青1,2, 毛炜峄1,2, 刘志辉3   

  1. 1.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002;
    2.中亚大气科学研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002;
    3.新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-09 修回日期:2017-10-25 出版日期:2018-03-15 发布日期:2018-04-18
  • 作者简介:姚俊强(1987－),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事气候变化与水分循环研究.E-mail: yaojq@idm.cn; yaojq1987@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41605067, 41375101,41505025);中国博士后科学基金(2016M592874);中国沙漠气象科学基金项目(SQJ2015012);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IDM201506)联合资助

Progress of Study on Variation of Atmospheric Water Cycle Factors over Arid Region in Northwest China

YAO Jun-qiang1,2, YANG Qing1,2, MAO Wei-yi1,2, LIU Zhi-hui3   

  1. 1. Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China;
    2. Central Asian Center for Atmospheric Science Research,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China;
    3. College of Resources and Environment Sciences,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2017-04-09 Revised:2017-10-25 Published:2018-03-15 Online:2018-04-18

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摘要： 西北干旱区是对全球气候变化响应最敏感的地区之一。全球变暖加剧水循环,引起大气水分循环要素发生明显变化。借助最新资料对过去50 a西北干旱区大气水分循环要素变化特征和相关科学问题进行了梳理总结,其主要结论:① 西北干旱区水汽和降水量有一致性变化趋势,在20世纪80年代中后期突变型增多,21世纪初有微弱的减小态势。受季风强度减弱的影响,西北东部地区水汽和降水量减小明显。② 降水量增加站点占到95.9%,形成了天山、祁连山等增湿中心,具有明显的增湿海拔依赖性特征。③ 实际蒸散发量呈微弱的减小趋势,天山山区明显减少,而祁连山地区明显增加。④ 干旱区西部夏季降水以西风带水汽输送为主,但大尺度大降水过程发生时,低纬水汽输送尤为重要。全球气候变暖在影响着大气水分循环要素明显变化的同时,也加剧了干旱区水循环过程和水资源的不确定性。

关键词: 大气水分循环, 降水, 水汽, 西北干旱区

Abstract: The arid region in northwest China is one of the most sensitive areas to global change.Global warming accelerates water cycle,causes obviously the change of water cycle in atmosphere.In this paper,the characteristics of water cycle in atmosphere and the related scientific problems in the arid region in northwest China were analyzed based on the data analysis and the newest research results.The daily temperature,precipitation and relative humidity data from 96 meteorological stations in the study area were analyzed by the Mann-Kendall test and linear trend.The analyzed results showed that water vapor and precipitation experienced a sharp increase in the late 1980’s,however,such sharp increase trend has been replaced by an obvious decrease since the 21st century.Water vapor and precipitation over the east of northwest China decreased obviously due to the weakening of monsoon intensity.It was sensitive to the change of water vapor in northwest Xinjiang and the northwest of the Hexi Corridor.Proportion of the stations where precipitation increased was as high as 95.9%,especially in the Tianshan Mountains and the Qilian Mountain.Precipitation was increased significantly with the increase of elevation except that in a vertical zone from 500 to 1 500 m a.s.l.Precipitation was increased by 7 mm·(10a)-1 when the elevation was increased by 1 000 m in a vertical zone from 1 000 to 2 000 m a.s.l.,and by 10 mm·(10a)-1 in a vertical zone from 2 000 to 4 000 m a.s.l.Average water vapor balance was 2.8×1011 m3,the precipitation cycle rate was low,and the net water income in central troposphere was increased significantly.Actual evaporation was slightly decreased in the arid region in northwest China,and its reduction in the Tianshan Mountains was significant,but it was increased significantly in the Qilian Mountain.

Key words: atmospheric water cycle, precipitation, water vapor transmission, arid region of northwest China