西北干旱区大气水分循环要素变化研究进展

Abstract

Abstract: The arid region of northwestern China is one of the most sensitively response to global change. Global warming accelerated water cycle, caused by obviously changes of the water cycle in atmospheric. Based on the data analysis and newest research results, this paper analyzes the Characteristics of water cycle in atmosphere and related scientific problems in the arid region of northwestern China. The original daily temperature, precipitation and relative humidity data were collected from 96 meteorological stations in the region and analyzed by a Mann – Kendall test and linear trend. The analysis results show thatthe water vapor and precipitation experienced experienced a “sharply” increase in the late 1980's, however, this sharp increasing trend has turned to an apparent decrease since the 21st century. The eastern northwest water vapor and precipitation decrease obviously, caused by the monsoon intensity weaken. The northwest of Xinjiang and northwest of the Hexi Corridor were sensitive to the water vapor change.The increased stations of the precipitation accounted for 95.9%, and have the elevation-depending wetting, especially in the Tianshan Mountain and Qilian Mountain. The precipitation trend increases signi?cantly with elevation except for the altitude from 500 to 1500 m, the highest correlation appears above 1500 m, increases by 13 mm/decade with each 1000 m. With the elevation increasing every 1000 m, precipitation tendency rate increases by 7 mm/decade from 1000 to 2000 m and increases by 10 mm/decade from 2000 to 4000 m. Average water vapor balance is 2.8×1011 m3, but the precipitation cycle rate is low, middle troposphere water net income increase significantly. Actual evaporation showed a weak decrease trend in the northwest arid region, and the Tianshan Mountain area decreased significantly, while Qilian Mountain region increased significantly. Summer precipitation is given priority to with westerlies water vapor transport, but the low latitude water vapor transport is particularly important when the large scale precipitation process occurred.

Key words: Atmospheric water cycle, Precipitation, Water vapor transmission, The arid region of northwestern China

References

[1]Stone R. For China and Kazakhstan, no meeting of the minds on water[J]. Science, 2012, 337(6093): 405-407. [2] Guo Y P, Wang C H. Trends in precipitation recycling over the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau in last decades[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014, 517: 826-835. [3]Chen Y, Li W, Deng H, et al. Changes in Central Asia’s Water Tower: Past, Present and Future. Scientific Reports,2016,6:35458. [4] Shi Y, Shen Y, Kang E, et al. Recent and future climate change in northwest China[J]. Climatic Change, 2007, 80(3/4): 379-393. [5] 施雅风, 沈永平, 胡汝骥. 西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的信号、影响和前景初步探讨. 冰川冻土, 2002, 24(3): 219-226. (Shi Yafeng, Shen Yongping, Hu Ruji. Preliminary Study on Signal, Impact and Foreground of Climatic Shift from Warm-Dry to Warm-Humid in Northwest China[J].Joural of Glaciolgy and Geocryology,2002, 24(3): 219-226.) [6] 李栋梁, 魏丽, 蔡英, 等.中国西北现代气候变化事实与未来趋势展望[J].冰川冻土, 2003,25(2): 135-142. (Li Dongliang, Wei Li, Cai Ying, et al. The Present Facts and the Future Tendency of the Climate Change in Northwest China [J]. Joural of Glaciolgy and Geocryology,2003, 25(2): 135-142.) [7] 张强,张存杰,白虎志, 等. 西北地区气候变化新动态及对干旱环境的影响—总体暖干化,局部出现暖湿迹象[J]. 干旱气象,2010,28(1):1-7. (Zhang Qiang, Zhang Cunjie, Bai Huzhi, et al. New development of climate change in northwest China and its impact on arid environment[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology , 2010,28(1):1-7.) [8] 王可丽，江灏，赵红岩．中国西北地区水汽的平流输送和辐合输送[J]. 水科学进展，2006,17(2): 164 - 169. (Wang Keli, Jiang Hao, Zhao Hongyan. Advection and convergence of water vapor transport over the northwest China [J]. Advances in Water Science, 2006,17(2): 164 - 169.) [9] 王可丽，江灏，赵红岩．西风带与季风对中国西北地区的水汽输送[J]. 水科学进展，2005,16(3): 432 - 438. (Wang Keli, Jiang Hao, Zhao Hongyan. Atmospheric water vapor transport from westerly and monsoon over the Northwest China [J]. Advances in Water Science, 2005,16(3): 432 - 438.) [10] 杨青，刘晓阳，崔彩霞，等．塔里木盆地水汽含量的计算与特征分析〔J〕．地理学报，2010，65(7) : 853 － 862．〔Yang Qing，Liu Xiaoyang，Cui Caixia，et al． The computation and characteristics analysis of water vapor contents in the Tarim Basin〔J〕． Acta Geographica Sinica，2010，65( 7) : 853 － 862〕 [11] 杨柳，杨莲梅，汤浩，等．2000-2011年天山山区水汽输送特征[J]．沙漠与绿洲气象，2013,7(3): 21 - 25. (Yang Liu, Yang Lianmei, Tang Hao, et al. Characteristics of Water Vapor Transport over Tianshan Mountainous Area from 2000 to 2011 [J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2013,7(3): 21 - 25.) [12] 张学文. 可降水量与地面水汽压力的关系[J]. 气象,2004,30(2):9-11. (Zhang Xuewen．A relationship between precipitable water and surface vapor pressure〔J〕． Meteorological Monthly， 2004，30( 2): 9 -11) [13] 刘蕊,杨青. 新疆大气水汽通量及其净收支的计算和分析[J]. 中国沙漠,2010,30(5):1221-1228. (Liu Rui, Yang Qin. Calculation and analysis of water vapor transportation and its net income in Xinjiang [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2010, 30(5): 1221–1228.) [14] 刘蕊,杨青,王敏仲. 再分析资料与经验关系计算的新疆地区大气水汽含量比较分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(4):77-85. (Liu Rui，Yang Qing，Wang Minzhong． Intercomparison and analysis of the result about atmospheric precipitable water calculated by NCEP reanalysis and empirical formula〔J〕． Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment，2010，24(4) : 77-85.) [15] 姚俊强,杨青,黄俊利,等. 天山山区及周边地区水汽含量的计算与特征分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2012,29(4):567-573. (Yao Junqiang, Yang Qing, Huang Junli, et al. Computation and Analysis of Water Vapor Content in the Tianshan Mountains and Peripheral Regions, China [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2012,29(4):567-573.) [16] Yao J Q, Chen Y N, Yang Q. Spatial and temporal variability of water vapor pressure in the arid region of northwest China, during 1961-2011 [J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2016, 123(3/4): 683-691. [17] 杨青,姚俊强,赵勇,等. 伊犁河流域水汽含量时空变化及其和降水量的关系[J]. 中国沙漠,2013,33(4): 1174-1183. (Yang Qing, Yao Junqiang, Zhao Yong, et al. Spatial-temporal variation of water vapor and its relationship with the precipitation in the Ili River Basin [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2013,33(4): 1174-1183.) [18] 张强,张杰,孙国武,等. 祁连山山区空中水汽分布特征研究[J]. 气象学报,2007,65(4):633-643. (Zhang Qiang，Zhang Jie，Sun Guowu，et al．Research on atmosphere water-vapor distribution over Qilian Mountains [J]．Acta Meteorologica Sinica，2007，65(4): 633 -643.) [19] 姚俊强,杨青,胡文峰,等. 天山山区空中水汽含量及与气候因子的关系[J]. 地理科学,2013,(7):859-864. (Yao Junqiang, Yang Qin, Hu WenFeng,et al. Characteristics analysis of water vapor contents around Tianshan Mountain area and the relationships with climate factors[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(7):859-864) [20] 胡汝骥. 中国天山自然地理 [M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2004. (Hu Ruji．Physical Geography of the Tianshan Moumains in China〔M〕．Beijing: China Environmental Science Press，2004．) [21] 姚俊强,杨青,韩雪云,等.天山及周边地区空中水资源的稳定性及可开发性研究[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 2012, 6(1): 31-35. (Yao Junqiang, Yang Qing, Han Xueyun, et al. Research of Stability and Exploitability of Water Vapor Resource in Tianshan Mountains [J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2012,6(1): 31-35) [22]史玉光, 孙照渤. 新疆大气可降水量的气候特征及其变化[J]. 中国沙漠, 2008,28(3):519-525. (Shi Yuguang，Sun Zhaobo． Characteristics of area precipitation in Xinjiang region with its variations〔J〕．Journal of Desert Research，2008，28(3) : 519-525) [23] Yao J Q, Yang Q, Mao W Y, et al. Precipitation trend–Elevation relationship in arid regions of the China[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2016,143:1-9. [24] 陈亚宁. 中国西北干旱区水资源研究 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014. (Chen Yaning. Water Resources Research in the Arid Region of Northwest China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2014.) [25] 姚俊强,杨青,刘志辉,等.中国西北干旱区降水时空分布特征[J].生态学报, 2015, 35(17): 5846-5855. (Yao Junqiang, Yang Qing, Liu Zhihui, et al. Spatio-temporal change of precipitation in arid region of the Northwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(17), 5846-5855.) [26] Li B F， Chen Y N， Chen Z S，et al. Why does precipitation in northwest China show a significant increasing trend from 1960 to 2010? [J]. Atmospheric Research, 2016, 167: 275-284. [27] Yang D W, Sun F B, Liu Z Y,et al. Analyzing spatial and temporal variability of annual water-energy balance in nonhumid regions of China using the Budyko hypothesis[J]. Water Resources Research,2007, 43(4) :436-451. [28] Yao J Q, Mao W Y, Yang Q, et al. Annual actual evapotranspiration in inland river catchments of China based on the Budyko framework[J]. Stochastic Environmental Research & Risk Assessment, 2017, 31(6): 1409-1421. [29] 邓兴耀,刘洋,刘志辉,等. 中国西北干旱区蒸散发时空动态特征[J]. 生态学报,2017,37(9):1-15. (Deng Xingyao, Liu Yang, Liu Zhihui, et al. Temporal-spatial dynamic change characteristics of evapotranspiration in arid region of Northwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 2017,37(9):1-15.) [30] Yao J Q, Chen Y N, Zhao Y, et al. Response of vegetation NDVI to climatic extremes in the arid region of Central Asia: a case study in Xinjiang, China[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00704-017-2058-0 [31] 张强,俞亚勋,张杰. 祁连山与河西内陆河流域绿洲的大气水循环特征研究[J]. 冰川冻土,2008,30(6):907-913. (Zhang Qiang, Yu Yaxun, Zhang Jie. Characteristics of wter cycle in the Qilian Mountains and the oases in Hexi inland river basin [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(6):907-913.) [32] Pepin N,Bradley R S,Diaz H F,el at. Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world[J]. Nature Climate Change , 2015 , 5 (5) :424-430. [33] Sun G L, Chen Y N, Li W H,et al. Intra-annual distribution and decadal change in extreme hydrological events in Xinjiang, Northwestern China[J].Natural Hazards, 2014,70(1):119-133. [34] 汤绪,陈葆德,梁萍,等. 有关东亚夏季风北边缘的定义及其特征[J]. 气象学报,2009,67(1):83-89. (Tang Xu, Chen Baode, Liang Ping, et al. Definition and features of the north edge of Asian summer monsoon [J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2009,67(1):83-89.) [35] 蔡英,宋敏红,钱正安,等.西北干旱区夏季强干、湿事件降水环流及水汽输送的再分析[J]. 高原气象,2015,34(3): 597- 610. (Cai Ying, Song Minhong, Qian Zhengan, et al. Reanalyses of Precipitation Circulation and Vapor Transportation of Severe Dry and Wet Events in Summer in Arid Region of Northwest China [J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2015,34(3): 597- 610.) [36] 戴新刚,李维京,马柱国. 近十几年新疆水汽源地变化特征[J]. 自然科学进展,2006,16(12):1651-1656. (Dai Xingang, Li Weijing, Ma Zhuguo. Variation characteristics of vapor sources in Xinjiang [J] . Progress in Natural Science, 2006, 16 (12) : 1651-1656) [37] 杨莲梅,张庆云. 新疆北部汛期降水年际和年代际异常的环流特征[J]. 地球物理学报,2007,50(2): 412-419. (Yang Liangmei, Zhang Qinyun. Circulation characteristics of interannual and interdecadal anomalies of summer rainfall in North Xinjiang [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2007, 50 (2): 412–419.) [38] Zhao Y, Zhang H. Impacts of SST Warming in tropical Indian Ocean on CMIP5 model-projected summer rainfall changes over Central Asia[J]. Climate Dynamics, 2016, 46(9/10): 1-16. [39] 杨莲梅,李霞,张广兴. 新疆夏季强降水研究若干进展及问题[J]. 气候与环境研究,2011,16(2):188-198. (Yang L ianm ei, Li Xia, Zhang Guangxing. Some advances and problem s in th e study of heavy rain in Xin jiang [J] . Climatic and Environmental Research, 2011, 16 (2): 188-198.) [40] 王秀荣,徐祥德,姚文清.西北地区干湿夏季的前期环流和水汽差异[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(5):550-559．(Wang Xiurong, Xu Xiangde, Yao Wenqing.Differences in circulation and moisture between dry and wet years in northwest China[J].Joural of applied meteorogical science, 2002,13(5):550-559.) [41] 唐镭,缪启龙. 西北西部夏季干湿年的水汽输送特征[J]. 气象与减灾研究,2009,32(4):32-38. (Tang Lei, Liao Qilong. Characteristics of moisture transportation in wet/dry summer in Western northwest China[J]. Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research, 2009,32(4):32-38.) [42] 赵兵科,蔡承侠,杨莲梅,等.新疆夏季变湿的大气环流异常特征[J]. 冰川冻土,2006,28(3):434-442. (Zhao Bingke, Cai Chengxia, Yang Lianmei, et al. Atmospheric circulation anomalies during wetting summer over Xinjiang region [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2006, 28 (3) :434- 44) [43] 徐祥德,王寅钧,魏文寿,等. 特殊大地形背景下塔里木盆地夏季降水过程及其大气水分循环结构[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(2):1-11. (Xu Xiangde, Wang Yinjun, Wei Wenshou, et al. Summertime Precipitation Process and Atmospheric Water Cycle over Tarim Basin under the Specific Large Terrain Background [J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2014, 8(2):1-11.) [44] Huang W, Feng S, Chen J H, et al. Physical Mechanisms of Summer Precipitation Variations in the Tarim Basin in Northwestern China [J]. Journal of Climate, 2015, 28(9): 3579-3591. [45] 赵勇,杨青,黄安宁,等. 青藏和伊朗高原热力异常与北疆夏季降水的关系[J]. 气象学报,2013,71(4):660-667. (Zhao Yong, Yang Qing, Huang Anning, et al. Relationships between the anomalies of surface sensible heat in the Tibetan Plateau and Iran Plateau and summertime precipitation in North Xinjiang [J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2013,74(4):660-667.) [46] Zhao Y, Huang A, Zhou Y, et al. Impact of the middle and upper tropospheric cooling over central Asia on the summer rainfall in the Tarim Basin, China[J]. Journal of Climate, 2014, 27(12): 4721-4732. [47] 赵勇,黄安宁,王前,等. 青藏高原地区5月热力差异和后期夏季北疆降水的联系[J]. 气候与环境研究,2016,21(6):653-662. (Zhao Yong, Huang Anning, Wang Qian,et al. The Relation between Thermal Anomaly Contrast over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surrounding Areas in May and Summer Rainfall in Northern Xinjiang [J].Climatic and Environmental Research, 2016, 21(6):653-662) [48] Kong Y, Pang Z, Froehlich K. Quantifying recycled moisture fraction in precipitation of an arid region using deuterium excess [J]. Tellus: B, 2014, 65 (1) :388-402 [49] Pang Z, Kong Y, Froehlich K,et al. Processes affecting isotopes in precipitation of an arid region[J].Tellus Series B:chemical and Physical Meteorology , 2011 , 63 (3) :352-359 [50] Trenberth K E.Atmospheric moisture recycling: role of advection and local precipitation[J].Journal of Climate, 1999 , 12 (5) :1368-1381. [51] 康红文,谷湘潜,付翔,等. 我国北方地区降水再循环率的初步评估[J]. 应用气象学报,2005,16(2):139-147. (Kang Hongwen, Gu Xiangqian, Fu Xiang, et al. Precipitation recycle over the northern China [J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2005,16(2):139-147.) [52] 刘国纬. 水文循环的大气过程[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1997. (Liu Guowei． Atmosphere Process in Hydrologic Cycle〔M〕．Beijing: Science Press，1997．) [53] 张良,张强,冯建英,等. 祁连山地区大气水循环研究(Ⅱ):水循环过程分析[J]. 冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1092-1100. (Zhang Liang, Zhang Qiang, Feng Jianying, et al. A study of atmospheric water cycle over the Qilian Mountains (II) : Analysis of hydrological cycle [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014,36(5):1092-1100.) [54] 姚俊强,杨青,伍立坤,等. 天山地区水汽再循环量化研究[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(5):37-43. (Yao Junqiang, Yang Qing, Wu Likong, et al. Quantifying recycled moisture fraction in precipitation of Tianshan Mountain [J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2016,10(5):37-43) [55] Zhang M, Wang S J. A review of precipitation isotope studies in China: basic pattern and hydrological process. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2016, 26(7): 921-938. [56] 马潜,张明军,王圣杰,等. 中国西部局地蒸发水汽贡献率探讨[J]. 地理科学进展,2012,31(11):40-47. (Ma Qian, Zhang Mingjun, Wang Shengjie, et al. Contributions of local moisture to precipitations in Western China. Progress in Geography, 2012,31(11): 40-47.) [57] Wang Shengjie, Zhang Mingjun, Che Yanjun,et al. Contribution of recycled moisture to precipitation in oases of arid central Asia: a stable isotope approach. Water Resources Research, 2016, 52(4): 3246-3257. [58] 姚俊强,杨青,韩雪云,等. 气候变化对天山山区高寒盆地水资源变化的影响—以巴音布鲁克盆地为例[J]. 干旱区研究,2016,33(6):1167-1173. (Yao Junqiang, Yang Qing, Han Xueyun, et al. Impact of climate change on surface water resources in Alpine basin in the Tianshan Mountain: A case study in the Bayinbuluk basin [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2016, 33(6):1167-1173.) [59] 张强,赵映东,张存杰,等. 西北干旱区水循环与水资源问题[J]. 干旱气象,2008,26(2):1-8. (Zhang Qiang，Zhao Yingdong，Zhang Cunjie，et al． Issues about hydrological cycle and water resource in arid region of Northwest China [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2008, 26(2) : 1-8) [60] 任国玉,袁玉江,柳艳菊,等. 我国西北干燥区降水变化规律[J]. 干旱区研究,2016,33(1):1-19. (Ren Guoyu, Yuan Yujiang, Liu Yanmei, et al. Changes in Precipitation over Northwest China [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2016,33(1):1-19) [61] 刘伟,姜逢清,李小兰. 新疆气候变化的适应能力时空演化特征[J]. 干旱区研究,2017,34(3):531-540. (Liu Wei, Jiang Fengqing, Li Xiaolan. Spatiotemporal Evolution of Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Xinjiang [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2017,34(03):531-540.)

Characteristics of water cycle in atmosphere in the arid region of northwestern China

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	ZHOU Zihan, WANG Jixin, LIU Weicheng, WANG Yong, ZHANG Junxia, GUO Runxia. Diurnal variation characteristics of warm season precipitation in Gansu Province [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(1): 1-12.
[2]	YI Nana, SU Lijuan, ZHENG Xucheng, XIN Yue, CAI Min, LI Hui, JIN Yuchen. Environmental parameters and forecast models of hail events [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(1): 13-23.
[3]	CHEN Aijun,Yin . Spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation in five Central Asian countries based on FY-4A quantitative precipitation estimates [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(9): 1369-1381.
[4]	WANG Nana,HAN Lei,LIU Lili,PENG Ling,ZHOU Peng,Ma Yunlei,Ma Jun. Water vapor transport mechanisms for varied precipitation grades during the summer half-year in Yinchuan Plain [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(9): 1404-1413.
[5]	SHEN Hongyan, WEN Tingting, ZHAO Xianrong, FENG Xiaoli. Evaluation of multi-model precipitation simulation over the Tibetan Plateau in early winter [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(7): 1027-1039.
[6]	YANG Jianling,ZHANG Suzhao,MA Junbin,WANG Dai,Huang Yin. The impact of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomaly on precipitation anomaly in Ningxia from late spring to early summer and associated mechanisms [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(5): 703-714.
[7]	ZHANG Hongli, HAN Fuqiang, ZHANG Liang, WANG Lixia, SUN Yuan, LI Fumin. Analysis of spatial and seasonal variations in climate warming and humidification in Northwest China [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(4): 517-531.
[8]	ZHANG Wen, MA Yang, WANG Dai, YANG Jianling, CUI Yang. The influence and prediction of SST predictors at different timescales on summer precipitation over the eastern part of Northwest China [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(4): 532-542.
[9]	HU Yanan, PEI Hao, JIANG Yanfeng, MIAO Bailing, JIA Chengzhen. Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of precipitation pH in Inner Mongolia from 1991 to 2021 [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(4): 552-562.
[10]	LI Rui, SHAN Lishan, XIE Tingting, MA Li, YANG Jie, LI Quangang. Variation in the leaf functional traits of typical desert shrubs under precipitation gradient [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(3): 425-435.
[11]	SHAO Jian,ZHANG Suzhao,CHEN Min,LI Qiang,ZHENG Youjiong,CHENG Yao,MA Ning. Application of FY-4A satellite data in short-time severe precipitation of Ningxia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(2): 163-172.
[12]	JI Zonghu, SUN Dongyuan, NIU Zuirong, WANG Xingfan, WU Lanzhen, MA Yali, CHEN Caiping, CUI Yanqiang. Characteristics of precipitation changes in the Shule River Basin [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(10): 1583-1594.
[13]	YANG Shuangqi, SONG Naiping, WANG Xing, CHEN Xiaoying, CHANG Daoqin. Spatiotemporal characteristics of sierozem and aeolian soil moisture levels in a desert steppe [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(10): 1625-1636.
[14]	HUANG Xiaomei, QI Dongmei, LI Di, SUN Yi, LYU Chunyue. Annual relationship between the West Asian subtropical westerly jet and summer precipitation over the Three River Source region [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(1): 1-8.
[15]	ZHANG Zongfang, XU Jiang, SHI Xiaojun. Responses of seedling growth and biomass allocation of Malus sieversii to precipitation amount and precipitation interval [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(1): 102-110.