Abstract: Fifty thousand years ago, the primitive people of north China had lived in the Hami Basin, which could be proved by the Hami Qijiaojing and Sandaoling sites of ancient cultural remains. Saka had settled in Hami Sibao and Wubao in the late 14th and 13th centuries BC. Yiwulu became as the first oasis in the Hami region since the time with written historical records in Eastern Han Dynasty. Yi State that consisted of Yiwu, Nazhi, Rouyuan counties was founded in Tang Dynasty, the oases in Hami were significantly enlarged. In the Yuan Dynasty, the stationed troops reclaimed wasteland in Hami. Hami Garrison was founded in Ming Dynasty, and the oases were enlarged to some extent. The oases in Hami were sharply expanded in Qing Dynasty. Karezs, the special irrigation systems, were constructed in the oases in the Republic of China, on which the oases were further expanded on the basis of old ones. After the founding of new China, a lot of new oases were opened up. Geographically, the oases in Hami were developed from the fluvialpluvial finesoil plains where springs flew out to the areas and lowhill regions irrigated by Karezs, spring water or rgroundwater, and then to the fluvialpluvial gravel plains and winderoded plains. Such results were formed under the effects of both natural and human factors. Natural factors were dominant before Qing Dynasty. Human factors played an important role from Qing Dynasty to the republic of China. Human factors were dominant after the founding of new China.

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