不同施氮水平对油莎豆农田土壤养分表观平衡和块茎产量的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.01.07

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the apparent soil nitrogen balance and tuber yield of Cyperus esculentus in sandy farmland under different levels of nitrogen application and provide a theoretical basis for increasing the yield of Cyperus esculentus in sandy farmland. Four nitrogen fertilizer treatments, 0 kg·hm^-2(N0), 75 kg·hm^-2 (N1), 150 kg·hm^-2 (N2), and 225 kg·hm^-2 (N3), were applied to Cyperus esculentus in 2021 at the experimental site in Dengkou County, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia, and Toketo County, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China. The effects of the four different N application levels on agronomic traits, tuber yield, and clear soil nutrient balance of Cyperus esculentus were analyzed. The number of tillers, plant height, and single leaf area of C. esculentus increased alongside increasing N application, but excessive N application caused above-ground growth of C. esculentus, resulting in lower yield. At the application rate of 150 kg·hm^-2(N2), Cyperus esculentus exhibited superior agronomic traits, including maximum root length and root volume, the highest whole plant dry weight and tuber yield, and a fresh tuber yield of 9298.87 kg·hm^-2. The apparent nitrogen surplus rates in the two locations were negative at the levels of 0 kg·hm^-2(N0) and 75 kg·hm^-2(N1) and positive at the levels of 150 kg·hm^-2(N2) and 225 kg·hm^-2 (N3). This pattern indicates that nitrogen reached a balanced state at the N2 level in both locations, signifying an optimal nitrogen application rate of 150 kg·hm^-2. RDA analysis showed that tiller number, plant height, single leaf area, maximum root length, root volume, and nitrogen uptake were the main factors driving the formation of dry matter and tuber yield in C. esculentus. Therefore, in northern sandy soil conditions, the application of N at 150 kg·hm^-2 can promote the absorption of nutrients by Cyperus esculentus and maintain the apparent nutrient balance of soil, which is conducive to the growth, development, and yield formation of Cyperus esculentus.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus, nitrogen application levels, agronomic traits, tuber yield, soil apparent nutrient balance

CAO Ziqi, LU Zhanyuan, REN Yongfeng, ZHAO Xiaoqing, WANG Jianguo, HOU Zhihui, HAN Yunfei, WANG Dengyun, SHANG Xueyan, DUAN Rui. Effects of different nitrogen levels on the apparent soil nutrient balance and tuber yield of Cyperus esculentus farmland[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(1): 71-79.

Figures/Tables 5

Tab. 1

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Fig. 1

References 38

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试验地	pH	有机质/(g·kg^-1)	全氮/（g·kg^-1）	全磷/（g·kg^-1）	全钾/（g·kg^-1）	有效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾/（mg·kg^-1）
托克托县	8.35	12.12	1.02	1.29	10.85	7.92	49.7
磴口县	8.96	8.86	0.73	0.6	6.8	3.65	38.78

水平	茎蘖数/个		株高/cm		单片叶面积/cm²		最大根长/cm		根体积/cm³
水平	托克托县	磴口县	托克托县	磴口县	托克托县	磴口县	托克托县	磴口县	托克托县	磴口县
N0	18.00± 0.58b	23.00± 2.08b	58.93± 0.91c	60.47± 4.84c	48.62± 2.33a	46.51± 5.43b	19.57± 3.07a	23.93±1.08a	59.11± 1.68c	66.67± 4.51b
N1	20.00± 1.07b	24.00± 2.08ab	61.91± 3.17bc	65.77± 1.79bc	49.90± 3.58a	50.67± 3.23ab	21.37± 4.00a	26.10±1.32a	70.67± 4.16ab	70.33± 3.06ab
N2	25.00± 1.00a	28.00± 4.16ab	67.38± 2.94ab	69.87± 1.99b	51.87± 2.10a	53.27± 2.39ab	22.30± 1.70a	26.60±3.03a	72.22± 3.42a	75.67± 0.58a
N3	25.00± 2.52a	29.00± 2.00a	69.83± 4.83a	78.47± 1.30a	52.11± 0.85a	55.27± 3.33a	19.47± 3.59a	25.70±1.40a	64.00± 5.29bc	70.00± 4.36ab

水平	整株干重/（g·株^-1）		块茎产量/（kg·hm^-2）
水平	托克托县	磴口县	托克托县	磴口县
N0	118.87±2.49c	117.78±2.56b	7346.53±38.56d	8874.79±45.99d
N1	126.60±2.19ab	127.40±4.84ab	8787.10±25.19c	9658.92±37.73c
N2	132.40±3.12a	138.81±4.07a	9298.87±37.33a	10336.06±28.31a
N3	128.07±1.27ab	135.78±1.91a	8997.53±88.69b	9910.80±32.82b

水平			N0	N1	N2	N3
氮表观平衡	总投入量/（kg·hm^-2）	托克托县	0	75	150	225
	总投入量/（kg·hm^-2）	磴口县	0	75	150	225
	总携出量/（kg·hm^-2）	托克托县	128.07±5.05b	132.93±3.44ab	140.06±4.03a	139.54±0.89a
	总携出量/（kg·hm^-2）	磴口县	108.56±5.23c	125.19±5.77b	134.63±2.97a	132.94±4.55ab
	表观平衡值/（kg·hm^-2）	托克托县	-128.07±5.05d	-57.93±3.44c	9.94±4.03b	85.46±0.89a
	表观平衡值/（kg·hm^-2）	磴口县	-108.56±5.23d	-50.19±5.77c	15.37±2.97b	92.06±4.55a
	表观盈余率/%	托克托县	-100±0.00d	-43.55±1.45c	7.16±3.09b	61.25±1.03a
	表观盈余率/%	磴口县	-100.00±0.00d	-40.00±2.76c	11.45±2.49b	69.38±5.90a
磷表观平衡	总投入量/（kg·hm^-2）	托克托县	240	240	240	240
	总投入量/（kg·hm^-2）	磴口县	240	240	240	240
	总携出量/（kg·hm^-2）	托克托县	27.14±0.80c	31.29±0.47a	31.68±0.78a	28.54±0.54b
	总携出量/（kg·hm^-2）	磴口县	18.66±0.90b	22.75±1.76a	22.67±1.64a	17.62±0.77b
	表观平衡值/（kg·hm^-2）	托克托县	212.86±0.80a	208.71±0.47c	208.32±0.78c	211.46±0.54b
	表观平衡值/（kg·hm^-2）	磴口县	221.34±0.90a	217.25±1.76b	217.33±1.64b	222.38±0.77a
	表观盈余率/%	托克托县	784.97±25.68a	667.07±11.50c	657.94±18.77c	741.11±15.95b
	表观盈余率/%	磴口县	1188.08±62.57a	959.12±82.70b	962.24±78.28b	1263.68±58.95a
钾表观平衡	总投入量/（kg·hm^-2）	托克托县	120	120	120	120
	总投入量/（kg·hm^-2）	磴口县	120	120	120	120
	总携出量/（kg·hm^-2）	托克托县	151.18±6.31b	167.59±2.25a	155.89±4.38b	138.67±2.52c
	总携出量/（kg·hm^-2）	磴口县	95.85±5.56a	94.74±5.34a	89.71±1.72a	87.70±6.53a
	表观平衡值/（kg·hm^-2）	托克托县	-31.18±6.31b	-47.59±2.25c	-35.89±4.38b	-18.67±2.52a
	表观平衡值/（kg·hm^-2）	磴口县	24.15±5.56a	25.26±5.34a	30.29±1.72a	32.30±6.53a
	表观盈余率/%	托克托县	-20.53±3.29b	-28.39±0.96c	-22.98±2.17b	-13.44±1.56a
	表观盈余率/%	磴口县	25.47±7.07a	26.93±6.98a	33.80±2.57a	37.36±10.65a

Effects of different nitrogen levels on the apparent soil nutrient balance and tuber yield of Cyperus esculentus farmland

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[3]	LIAO Guiyun,WU Xiuqin,TAN Jin,LI Dan,FENG Mengxin. Application of the Wind Erosion Prediction System in the Ulan Buh Desert Cyperus esculentus planting area [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1504-1513.
[4]	DING Ya,YANG Jianming,LI Li,ZHANG Zhihao,ZENG Fanjiang. Effects of deficit irrigation and film mulching on biomass and production of Cyperus esculentus in the southern Xinjiang Basin [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 883-892.