宁南山区坡面与覆被特征对侵蚀水动力及产沙过程的耦合影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.08

Abstract

Abstract:

Through controlled field-scouring experiments, we examined the soil erosion dynamics and hydrodynamic mechanisms on slopes hosting different vegetation in the southern Ningxia mountainous area. Specifically, we quantify the synergistic effects of slope gradient (10°, 15°, 20°, 25°), vegetation cover type (barren land, grassland, shrubland), and scouring intensity (4, 8, 16 L·min^-1) on the sediment yield. They key findings are as follows: (1) on slopes with the same vegetation type, the effects of slope gradient and scouring intensity on sediment yield intensify with increasing slope steepness, with slope gradient exerting the greatest promotional effect on the erosion process. The sediment yield was maximized (15.64 kg) on barren land with a 25° slope gradient and a scouring intensity of 16 L·min^-1 and minimized (0.03 kg) on shrubland with a 10° slope angle and a scouring intensity of 4 L·min^-1. (2) The hydrodynamic parameters are significantly correlated with sand production (P<0.05), but the dominant factor depends on the environmental flushing conditions. The water-flow power per unit can contribute up to 44.19% of the sand production on grassland and scrubland at low flushing intensity (4 L·min^-1), whereas each energy parameter contributes nearly 20.00% at high flushing intensity (16 L·min^-1). The factor interactions evolve nonlinearly: the contributions from direct single-factor effects dominate at low scouring intensity (4 L·min^-1) but weaken with increasing scouring intensity (16 L·min^-1) as the multifactor interactions gain prominence. This study can theoretically guide the optimization of slope configurations for regional soil and water conservation purposes and practically guide the precise prevention and control of erosion in ecologically fragile areas.

Key words: southern Ningxia mountainous area, soil erosion, hydrodynamic parameters, interaction effects

CHEN Kai, ZHANG Yi, WANG Xing, LIU Xiaojun, HU Renzheng, LEI Xueyi, FAN Qinghua. Coupled effects of slope and vegetation cover characteristics on hydrodynamic erosion forces and sediment yield processes in the southern Ningxia mountainous area[J].Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(11): 2044-2057.

Figures/Tables 14

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References 34

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坡度	冲刷强度 /（L·min^-1）	土地利用类型	产流时间/s		坡度	冲刷强度 /（L·min^-1）	土地利用类型	产流时间/s
坡度	冲刷强度 /（L·min^-1）	土地利用类型	初始产流时间	结束产流时间	坡度	冲刷强度 /（L·min^-1）	土地利用类型	初始产流时间	结束产流时间
10°	4	耕地	172	163	20°	4	耕地	88	83
		草地	218	213			草地	93	97
		灌木	299	296			灌木	249	244
	8	耕地	75	42		8	耕地	51	45
		草地	120	103			草地	65	54
		灌木	240	239			灌木	159	160
	16	耕地	43	37		16	耕地	24	22
		草地	68	62			草地	38	33
		灌木	133	117			灌木	91	85
15°	4	耕地	113	98	25°	4	耕地	56	44
		草地	127	124			草地	74	63
		灌木	275	273			灌木	129	104
	8	耕地	63	46		8	耕地	35	33
		草地	101	95			草地	44	31
		灌木	102	100			灌木	147	151
	16	耕地	31	27		16	耕地	15	12
		草地	52	51			草地	27	24
		灌木	106	95			灌木	43	41

	产沙量	D	V	τ	ω	Ω	t
Intensity	156.1^***	240.1^***	667.7^***	430.9^***	285.1^***	667.7^***	0.1634
Type	161.5^***	71.07^***	918.3^***	134.3^***	65.64^***	918.2^***	0.1634
Slope	158.2^***	73.82^***	121.9^***	1609^***	420.3^***	1649^***	0.0553
Intensity×Type	7.83^6***	3.141^**	24.87^***	5.154^***	11.59^***	24.89	0.1621
Intensity×Slope	1.205	7.723^***	1.271	44.36^***	5.221^***	1.266^***	0.0548
Type×Slope	9.221^***	2.661^**	4.773^***	3.883^***	4.092^***	4.761^***	0.0548
Intensity×Type×Slope	1.912^*	4.285^***	2.281^***	4.486^***	7.507^***	2.276^**	0.0541

冲刷强度/（L·min^-1）	土地利用类型	逐步回归模型		R²
冲刷强度/（L·min^-1）	土地利用类型	预测变量	模型方程	R²
4	耕地	t	Y=-1.049t+1.916ω-3.676V- 7.291	0.796
		ω
		V
	草地	Slope	Y=3.533Slope-5.938V-17.814	0.707
	草地	V	Y=3.533Slope-5.938V-17.814	0.707
	灌木	Slope	Y=6.58Slope-2.131Ω-23.301	0.797
	灌木	Ω	Y=6.58Slope-2.131Ω-23.301	0.797
8	耕地	t	Y=-0.856t+2.139τ-2.962D+ 11.272	0.921
		τ
		D
	草地	Slope	Y=8.503Slope-5.281Ω-35.754	0.773
	草地	Ω	Y=8.503Slope-5.281Ω-35.754	0.773
	灌木	Slope	Y=8.205Slope-3.091Ω-0.92τ- 25.773	0.790
		Ω
		τ
16	耕地	t	Y=-1.589t+2.758τ-2.099V- 5.123	0.922
		τ
		V
	草地	Slope	Y=7.079Slope-4.314τ+4.077	0.897
	草地	τ	Y=7.079Slope-4.314τ+4.077	0.897
	灌木	Slope	Y=9.916Slope-3.683Ω- 1.069ω+0.507t-30.479	0.781
		Ω
		ω
		t

冲刷强度/（L·min^-1）	能量参数	贡献度/%
4	剪切力	18.23
	径流功率	4.77
	单位水流功率	77.00
8	剪切力	5.12
	径流功率	47.28
	单位水流功率	47.60
16	剪切力	23.23
	径流功率	48.34
	单位水流功率	28.43

Coupled effects of slope and vegetation cover characteristics on hydrodynamic erosion forces and sediment yield processes in the southern Ningxia mountainous area

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