干旱区光伏电站运营对局地生态环境的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.08.16

Abstract

Abstract:

The emerging use of photovoltaic power is aligned with the progression of the energy industry. In China, photovoltaic power plants are widely constructed in the arid areas of the northwest. The ecological environment in the arid areas of the northwest is relatively fragile, and the potential environmental impacts of photovoltaic power plants during operation are not yet fully revealed. In this research, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of photovoltaic power plant construction on the local atmosphere, soil, vegetation factors, and other elements of the ecological environment was performed on the research area of Tala photovoltaic power station in Gonghe County, Qinghai Province (the world’s largest photovoltaic industrial park). The analysis combined observational data on ecological indicators of the areas adjacent to photovoltaic panels and the open space for photovoltaic power plants from March 2023 to February 2024 with remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020. The results show that the construction of photovoltaic panels has the effects of warming, humidifying, increasing temperature extremes, and wind speed reducing on the local atmosphere. The average humidification was 3.87%, the wind speed was reduced by 0.25 m·s^-1, and the temperature extreme value changed by 1.72 ℃. The construction of photovoltaic panels also caused the effects of warming, reducing moisture, and reducing soil CO₂ content in the local soil, with an average temperature increase of 1.83 ℃, a decrease in humidity of 4.81%, and a reduction in soil CO₂ by 156.94 ppm. Finally, the construction of photovoltaic power plants promoted an increase in vegetation coverage and growth in the area, and had a positive promoting effect on the carbon fixation capacity of the ecosystem. The average growth rate of NDVI in the study area was faster than that in Hainan Prefecture; the difference was 0.001 kg C·m^-2·a^-1. The study shows that the operation of photovoltaic power plants can improve the environment in arid areas, by altering air humidification, soil warming, wind prevention, and sand fixation, promoting vegetation growth, and continuing to promote the local ecological environment.

Key words: arid areas, photovoltaic power plants, field observation, remote sensing monitoring, ecological environment

WANG Yiwen, MA Yaoyao, SHI Peijun, ZHANG Gangfeng. The impact of photovoltaic power plant operation on local ecological environments in arid areas[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(8): 1423-1433.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 30

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指标	测量范围	分辨率	误差范围
空气湿度/%	0~100	0.10	±3
气温/℃	-40~80	0.10	±0.3（25 ℃）
气压/kPa	30~110	0.01	±0.02 (相对)
风速/（m·s^-1）	0~60	0.01	±(0.1+0.03V)
土壤温度/℃	-40~80	0.10	±0.5
土壤湿度/%	0~100	0.10	±3
土壤CO₂/ppm	0~5000	1.00	±3（25 ℃）

		空气湿度/%	温度/℃	气压/kPa	风速/（m·s^-1）	土壤温度/℃	土壤湿度/%	土壤CO₂/ppm
日最大值	光伏空地	99.93	25.30	72.98	9.44	25.23	27.92	4845.90
	光伏板旁	100.00	27.42	73.09	8.95	27.84	16.16	3635.17
	差值	-0.07	-2.11	-0.11	0.49	-2.61	11.75	1210.73
日最小值	光伏空地	9.48	-17.82	69.97	0.45	-9.18	5.48	405.40
	光伏板旁	11.44	-19.16	70.04	0.26	-7.42	2.78	401.58
	差值	-1.95	1.34	-0.07	0.19	-1.76	2.71	3.82
日平均值	光伏空地	47.54	3.90	71.73	1.99	6.35	12.81	856.03
	光伏板旁	51.41	5.07	71.81	1.74	8.18	7.99	699.09
	差值	-3.87	-1.17	-0.09	0.25	-1.83	4.81	156.94

The impact of photovoltaic power plant operation on local ecological environments in arid areas

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