天山南坡山前荒漠草地植物群落分布对环境因子的响应——以拜城县为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.08.15

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the response of plant community distribution to topography and soil factors in the pre-mountain desert grassland of Baicheng County on the southern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain, we selected a typical area for investigation. We used the dominance method and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to study the relationship between plant community distribution and topography and soil factors in the mountain desert grassland. We observed differences in the species diversity of shrub and herb layers between survey sample sites. Specifically, the Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, and Simpson index on the eastern slope showed more shrubs than herbs; while on the western and northern slopes, these indexes showed more herbs than shrubs. The results of CCA show that topographic factors influenced plant community diversity in the order of slope orientation > slope gradient > slope position; and soil factors influenced plant community diversity in the order of soil moisture in the 30-100 cm soil layer > total soil porosity (STP) > soil moisture in the 0-30 cm soil layer (SMC-1). Topography and soil factors had certain screening effects on the formation of plant communities. Soil moisture in the 30-100 cm soil layer and slope orientation were the key factors affecting the distribution of plant communities in the pre-mountain desert grassland of Baicheng County on the southern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain.

Key words: terrain factors, soil factors, southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, cold and arid areas, canonical correspondence analysis

LU Yuanbo, YAN Cheng, SONG Chunwu, LI Yajuan, LAI Zhaoyun. Response of plant community distribution in the pre-montane desert grassland on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain to environmental factors: A case study in Baicheng County[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(8): 1346-1357.

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样地编号	海拔/m	坡位	坡向/（°）	坡度/（°）	0~30 cm土壤容重/（g·cm^-3）
E1	2211.22	上坡位	21	18	1.61±0.12
E2	2203.76	中坡位	20	15	1.54±0.19
E3	2194.25	下坡位	30	14	1.34±0.29
W1	2222.96	上坡位	230	25	1.09±0.06
W2	2212.93	中坡位	240	25	1.17±0.23
W3	2199.41	下坡位	290	22	1.13±0.01
S1	2207.32	上坡位	340	30	1.56±0.27
S2	2199.78	中坡位	328	25	1.12±0.04
S3	2197.12	下坡位	292	24	1.39±0.13
N1	2209.86	上坡位	18	26	1.31±0.11
N2	2198.22	中坡位	2	22	1.27±0.02
N3	2183.45	下坡位	4	22	1.20±0.20

植物名称	东坡			西坡			南坡			北坡
植物名称	E1	E2	E3	W1	W2	W3	S1	S2	S3	N1	N2	N3
浩罕彩花Acantholimon kokandense	0.10	0.23	0.23	0.22	0.16	0.49	0.18	0.18	0.15	0.50	0.48	0.40
吐鲁番锦鸡儿Caragana turfanensis	0.40	0.41	0.33	0.50	0.51	0.18	0.51	0.43	0.26	0.12	0.17	0.22
刺旋花 Convolvulus tragacanthoides	0.12	0.06	0.00	0.07	0.03	0.00	0.19	0.04	0.04	0.07	0.00	0.00
驼绒藜Ceratoides latens	0.14	0.09	0.17	0.12	0.19	0.12	0.08	0.13	0.23	0.13	0.13	0.13
琵琶柴 Reaumuria soongonica	0.09	0.11	0.17	0.05	0.05	0.14	0.04	0.10	0.28	0.10	0.07	0.14
木地肤 Kochia prostrata	0.15	0.11	0.10	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.00	0.04	0.01	0.08	0.15	0.10
盐爪爪 Kalidium foliatum	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
骆驼刺Alhagi sparsifolia	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
芨芨草 Achnatherum splendens	0.00	0.51	0.41	0.00	0.00	0.46	0.00	0.46	0.00	0.00	0.43	0.60
冷蒿Artemisia frigida Willd	0.24	0.11	0.22	0.14	0.14	0.18	0.20	0.20	0.33	0.19	0.15	0.08
羊茅 Festuca ovina	0.29	0.10	0.10	0.36	0.30	0.09	0.40	0.13	0.27	0.22	0.10	0.05
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	0.23	0.14	0.10	0.18	0.16	0.13	0.15	0.17	0.16	0.22	0.12	0.09
车前Plantago asiatica	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.08	0.03	0.06
沙葱Allium mongolicum	0.19	0.04	0.05	0.16	0.11	0.03	0.09	0.05	0.10	0.15	0.09	0.06
黄花瓦松Orostachys spinosus	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.07	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00
欧洲千里光Senecio vulgaris	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.00	0.10	0.05	0.16	0.00	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.05
委陵菜Potentilla chinensis	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.00

组	样点编号	群落类型	植物种类
Ⅰ	E1、W1、W2	吐鲁番锦鸡儿-羊茅群落(Caragana turfanensis-Festuca ovina)	15
Ⅱ	E2、E3、S2	吐鲁番锦鸡儿-芨芨草群落(Caragana turfanensis-Achnatherum splendens)	17
Ⅲ	W3、N2、N3	浩罕彩花-芨芨草群落(Acantholimon kokandense-Achnatherum splendens)	14
Ⅳ	S3	琵琶柴-冷蒿群落(Reaumuria soongonica-Artemisia frigida)	13
Ⅴ	S1、N1	浩罕彩花-羊茅+二裂委陵菜群落(Acantholimon kokandense-Festuca ovina+ Potentilla bifurca)	14

样点	0~30 cm土壤水分/%	0~30 cm土壤容重/(g·cm^-3)	0~30 cm土壤总孔隙度/%
E1	0.85±0.14f	1.61±0.12a	39.35±4.67c
E2	1.45±0.31ef	1.54±0.19ab	41.79±7.32bc
E3	2.71±0.36ef	1.34±0.29ab	49.35±4.67bc
W1	3.86±0.19de	1.09±0.03c	58.87±1.00a
W2	6.13±1.12bc	1.17±0.23c	56.00±8.62a
W3	10.39±2.73a	1.13±0.01c	57.31±0.43a
S1	2.25±0.46ef	1.56±0.27ab	47.64±4.76bc
S2	6.31±1.41bc	1.12±0.04c	57.83±1.32a
S3	3.69±1.22de	1.39±0.13ab	41.15±10.02bc
N1	4.43±1.6de	1.31±0.03ab	50.57±1.13bc
N2	6.51±2.72bc	1.28±0.07bc	51.70±2.64ab
N3	6.77±0.83b	1.20±0.20c	54.83±7.63a

环境因子	解释变量/%	贡献率/%	F值	P值	重要性排序
SA	26.5	40.6	4.1	0.03^*	1
SP	3.3	5	0.5	0.68	5
SG	8.9	13.6	1.4	0.246	4
SMC-1	1.1	1.7	0.2	0.922	6
SMC-2	14.9	22.8	1.7	0.192	2
STP	10.6	16.3	1.9	0.166	3
SC	-	-	-	-	-

Response of plant community distribution in the pre-montane desert grassland on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain to environmental factors: A case study in Baicheng County

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