黄河源区不同退化程度高寒草地理化性质及复合体抗剪强度研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.23

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 560-571.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.23

黄河源区不同退化程度高寒草地理化性质及复合体抗剪强度研究

杨馥铖¹(),刘昌义¹,胡夏嵩¹(),李希来²,付江涛³,卢海静²,申紫雁¹,许桐¹,闫聪¹,何伟鹏¹

1.青海大学地质工程系,青海西宁 810016
2.青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016
3.青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2021-08-25 修回日期:2022-01-13 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-03-30
通讯作者: 胡夏嵩
作者简介:杨馥铖（1998-）,男,在读硕士,主要从事地质灾害及其防治等方面的研究. E-mail: 649626453@qq.com
基金资助:
青海省自然科学基金资助项目(2020-ZJ-906);青海省自然科学基金资助项目(2018-ZJ-781);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41572306);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42041006);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0905-14);青海大学地质资源与地质工程重点学科建设项目(41250103);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R62)

Study on physical and chemical properties and shear strength characteristics of root-soil composite system with different degradation degrees of alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River

YANG Fucheng¹(),LIU Changyi¹,HU Xiasong¹(),LI Xilai²,FU Jiangtao³,LU Haijing²,SHEN Ziyan¹,XU Tong¹,YAN Cong¹,HE Weipeng¹

1. Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
2. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
3. Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China

Received:2021-08-25 Revised:2022-01-13 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-03-30
Contact: Xiasong HU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究黄河源区高寒草地退化对土体理化性质及根-土复合体抗剪强度影响,本研究以位于黄河源区青海河南县地区高寒草地为研究对象,通过开展不同退化程度草地野外取样及室内试验,获得土体密度、含水率、颗粒级配、土壤营养元素和植物根-土复合体抗剪强度指标及变化特征。结果表明：（1）在相同退化程度和取样深度下,南旗村试验区土体平均密度为启龙牧场的1.02~1.29倍,土体含水率表现出随着草地退化程度加剧而降低;2个试验区土壤有机质、全氮、全磷等随着草地退化程度加剧而降低。（2）区内根-土复合体抗剪强度随草地退化程度加剧而降低,启龙牧场与南旗村试验区其上层（0~10 cm）、下层（10~20 cm）降低幅度分别为72.05%、48.77%和77.26%、81.37%;进一步研究表明,根-土复合体所含根系数量和根系干重表现出随着草地退化程度加剧呈逐渐降低,启龙牧场与南旗村试验区其上层和下层的根-土复合体所含根系数量降低幅度分别为79.28%、75.93%和92.48%、39.59%。（3）根据WWM模型和Pearson相关性分析结果可知,根系数量和营养元素含量减少对根-土复合体抗剪强度具有显著降低作用。本研究结果对于黄河源区高寒草地合理防治草地退化,以及水土流失、浅层滑坡等灾害具有实际指导意义。

关键词: 黄河源区, 草地退化, 理化性质, 根-土复合体, 抗剪强度, 相关性分析

Abstract:

This study was to exhibit the effects of alpine grassland degradation on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the shear strength of the root-soil composite system in the source region of the Yellow River. The alpine grassland in Henan County, Qinghai Province, was selected as the study site. The variation in characteristics of soil density, water content, soil nutrient element content, and shear strength of plant root-soil composite system at different stages of deterioration of grassland was obtained through laboratory experiments. The test results showed that under the same degradation status and sampling depth, the average soil density in the test area of Nanqi Village was 1.02-1.29 times that of Qilong Pasture. The soil water content showed a decreasing trend with the deterioration worsening. Soil pH value increased with increasing deterioration, and soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, and total phosphorus content decreased. As a result, the shear strength of the root-soil composite system decreased with worsening damage. In Qilong Pasture and Nanqi Village, shear strength in the upper layer (0-10 cm) and lower layer (10-20 cm) were reduced by 72.05% and 48.77%, and 77.26% and 81.37%, respectively. The amount and dry weight of roots in the root-soil composite system decreased gradually with grassland degradation rising. In Qilong Pasture and Nanqi Village, the root amount in the upper and lower layers decreased by 79.28%, 75.93%, and 92.48%, 39.59%, respectively. Finally, according to the WWM model and Pearson correlation analysis, the reduction of roots and nutrient element content significantly reduced the shear strength of the root-soil composite system. Therefore, the study results provide practical guiding significance for the rational prevention and control of grassland degradation, soil erosion, and shallow landslides in the source region of the Yellow River.

Key words: the source region of the Yellow River, grassland degradation, physical and chemical properties, root-soil composite system, shear strength, correlation analysis

杨馥铖,刘昌义,胡夏嵩,李希来,付江涛,卢海静,申紫雁,许桐,闫聪,何伟鹏. 黄河源区不同退化程度高寒草地理化性质及复合体抗剪强度研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 560-571.

YANG Fucheng,LIU Changyi,HU Xiasong,LI Xilai,FU Jiangtao,LU Haijing,SHEN Ziyan,XU Tong,YAN Cong,HE Weipeng. Study on physical and chemical properties and shear strength characteristics of root-soil composite system with different degradation degrees of alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 560-571.

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序号	测试项目	测试方法
1	全氮	凯氏定氮法
2	全磷	酸溶—钼锑抗比色法
3	全钾	氢氟酸高氯酸消煮法
4	碱解氮	碱解—扩散法
5	速效磷	碳酸氢钠浸提—钼锑抗比色法
6	速效钾	乙酸铵浸提—火焰光度法
7	有机质	高温外加热重铬酸钾氧化容量法
8	pH值	电位法

试验区	草地退化程度	优势草本植物类型	平均株高/cm	植被覆盖度/%
启龙牧场	未退化	矮嵩草	11.02±4.16	98.20
	轻度退化	矮嵩草	11.73±0.46	80.00
	中度退化	矮嵩草+细叶亚菊组合	12.90±3.65	63.33
	重度退化	密花香薷	4.00±1.35	20.00
南旗村	未退化	矮嵩草+垂穗披碱草组合	29.20±20.97	100.00
	轻度退化	矮嵩草	7.27±1.76	100.00
	中度退化	矮嵩草+垂穗披碱草组合	20.33±5.34	76.67
	重度退化	密花香薷为主且大部分退化为裸地	6.60±1.58	36.67

试验区	退化程度	土体密度/（g·cm^-3）		土体含水率/%
试验区	退化程度	上层	下层	上层	下层
启龙牧场	未退化	1.29±0.29	1.34±0.13	57.79±4.82	53.08±16.53
	轻度退化	1.07±0.04	1.25±0.05	56.82±5.25	44.39±12.50
	中度退化	1.20±0.17	1.27±0.13	41.80±5.11	38.68±9.82
	重度退化	1.19±0.10	1.35±0.17	39.41±3.58	33.79±18.69
南旗村	未退化	1.43±0.09	1.48±0.15	45.53±8.45	48.04±3.20
	轻度退化	1.38±0.10	1.45±0.12	38.85±4.17	32.64±1.33
	中度退化	1.14±0.01	1.30±0.15	33.96±7.26	27.96±8.37
	重度退化	1.21±0.15	1.35±0.10	29.87±1.04	28.55±1.64

试验区	退化程度	d₆₀/mm	d₃₀/mm	d₁₀/mm	不均匀系数C_u	曲率系数C_c	级配类型	土体类型
启龙牧场	未退化	0.19	0.09	0.04	4.97	0.98	不良级配	砂类土
	轻度退化	0.23	0.10	0.04	5.27	0.90	不良级配	砂类土
	中度退化	0.25	0.15	0.08	3.23	1.10	不良级配	砂类土
	重度退化	0.38	0.19	0.10	3.80	0.91	不良级配	砂类土
南旗村	未退化	0.38	0.16	0.08	4.57	0.74	不良级配	砂类土
	轻度退化	0.27	0.10	0.05	5.27	0.71	不良级配	砂类土
	中度退化	0.25	0.15	0.08	3.23	1.10	不良级配	砂类土
	重度退化	0.38	0.19	0.10	3.80	0.91	不良级配	砂类土

试验区	草地退化程度	pH	有机质 /（g·kg^-1）	全N /（g·kg^-1）	全P₂O₅ /（g·kg^-1）	全K₂O /（g·kg^-1）	碱解N /（mg·kg^-1）	速效P /（mg·kg^-1）	速效K /（mg·kg^-1）
启龙牧场	未退化	7.11±0.25	119.54±38.23	6.96±1.90	1.67±0.10	20.47±2.45	381.67±70.23	4.40±3.50	147.33±71.50
	轻度退化	7.37±0.56	115.80±26.42	7.00±1.31	1.60±0.11	20.55±1.42	339.67±89.53	1.97±0.35	325.33±85.01
	中度退化	7.37±1.18	106.08±46.95	6.69±2.06	1.81±0.35	19.69±1.96	341.67±62.52	2.30±0.26	206.00±38.69
	重度退化	7.97±0.39	104.17±46.16	6.68±2.24	1.78±0.23	20.30±1.41	295.00±31.95	2.30±0.26	197.00±41.07
南旗村	未退化	7.22±0.41	93.22±20.09	5.79±0.76	1.72±0.16	25.01±2.37	333.33±55.37	2.20±0.52	262.33±101.15
	轻度退化	7.90±0.52	59.16±4.09	4.27±0.24	1.52±0.13	24.70±2.52	252.00±6.93	2.67±0.97	199.00±31.58
	中度退化	8.00±0.36	64.36±9.35	4.34±0.68	1.51±0.10	26.22±4.72	217.00±70.06	2.47±0.15	172.00±35.04
	重度退化	7.75±0.10	60.08±6.59	3.83±0.14	1.40±0.08	25.01±1.04	214.33±30.53	1.93±0.38	150.33±38.11

黄河源区不同退化程度高寒草地理化性质及复合体抗剪强度研究

Study on physical and chemical properties and shear strength characteristics of root-soil composite system with different degradation degrees of alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River

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试验区	草地退化程度	pH	有机质 /（g·kg^-1）	全N /（g·kg^-1）	全P₂O₅ /（g·kg^-1）	全K₂O /（g·kg^-1）	碱解N /（mg·kg^-1）	速效P /（mg·kg^-1）	速效K /（mg·kg^-1）
启龙牧场	未退化	7.45±0.25	73.99±10.32	5.13±0.58	1.58±0.32	22.64±1.30	238.67±16.17	3.40±1.42	147.33±89.27
	轻度退化	7.95±0.2	70.68±15.61	5.45±1.73	1.41±0.19	20.91±0.90	263.67±81.82	2.10±0.10	289.33±106.8
	中度退化	7.55±1.06	70.87±13.39	4.91±1.16	1.53±0.16	20.90±1.89	241.00±75.72	2.27±0.06	177.33±95.93
	重度退化	8.17±0.09	69.59±11.43	5.00±1.00	1.47±0.18	20.54±0.49	259.00±48.54	1.97±0.40	245.67±87.05
南旗村	未退化	7.42±0.41	83.16±35.95	5.05±1.61	1.68±0.33	23.75±4.30	279.67±109.16	2.10±0.62	99.33±6.35
	轻度退化	7.87±0.51	55.89±4.05	3.98±0.26	1.40±0.11	24.38±2.18	220.67±11.72	1.83±0.31	145.00±50.23
	中度退化	8.12±0.33	58.99±10.78	4.06±0.57	1.46±0.13	21.84±1.87	203.67±62.68	3.07±2.20	122.67±53.12
	重度退化	8.19±0.17	57.83±6.64	3.86±0.33	1.38±0.04	25.62±0.95	212.67±19.76	1.87±0.15	97.67±14.36

	黏聚力	根系数量	根系干重	密度	有机质
黏聚力	1
根系数量	0.781	1
根系干重	0.784	0.999^**	1
密度	0.974^*	0.843	0.854	1
有机质	0.688	0.723	0.692	0.588	1

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试验区	草地退化程度	平均黏聚力c值/kPa		平均内摩擦角φ值/(°)
试验区	草地退化程度	上层	下层	上层	下层
启龙牧场	未退化	26.94±3.31	39.45±14.10	20.52±1.87	17.60±4.98
	轻度退化	13.07±11.24	12.37±7.13	22.10±0.74	23.44±1.84
	中度退化	13.42±2.39	8.63±4.15	21.35±2.75	23.29±0.80
	重度退化	7.53±3.53	8.97±6.57	24.81±0.91	23.92±2.94
南旗村	未退化	26.43±4.51	24.69±4.91	21.92±2.23	20.79±0.68
	轻度退化	19.73±10.29	12.17±8.19	22.82±1.91	22.58±1.61
	中度退化	6.83±6.79	5.09±3.25	24.69±1.05	26.06±1.40
	重度退化	13.54±8.79	4.60±0.51	23.42±1.71	24.61±0.23

试验区	草地退化程度	根数/根		干重/（g·cm^-3）		平均根径/mm
试验区	草地退化程度	上层	下层	上层	下层	上层	下层
启龙牧场	未退化	253.33±70.24	90.00±17.32	11.31±4.47	2.57±0.46	0.37±0.12	0.27±0.06
	轻度退化	307.50±239.91	102.50±40.31	9.42±6.32	2.26±2.52	0.26±0.13	0.22±0.05
	中度退化	133.75±56.48	57.50±28.72	4.42±3.07	0.92±0.48	0.33±0.08	0.17±0.07
	重度退化	52.50±17.08	40.00±14.14	0.85±0.17	0.50±0.16	0.33±0.10	0.19±0.03
南旗村	未退化	180.00±138.92	130.00±45.83	5.62±5.08	3.97±3.37	0.31±0.02	0.24±0.08
	轻度退化	140.00±62.72	63.33±37.86	4.30±2.37	1.05±0.51	0.23±0.10	0.20±0.02
	中度退化	91.67±40.72	48.33±27.54	2.20±1.40	0.67±0.53	0.28±0.07	0.20±0.02
	重度退化	43.33±27.54	67.67±75.08	0.36±0.19	1.58±2.57	0.37±0.09	0.36±0.34