3种滨河植物单根抗拉特性与其微观结构关系

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析黄河源区高寒草甸植物单根的抗拉力学性质及其护岸的微观力学机理,以华扁穗草、线叶嵩草和金露梅3种优势滨河植物为研究对象,通过开展单根拉伸试验和石蜡切片试验,定量分析3种植物单根力学特性及其与微观结构的关系。结果表明,当根径在<0.5 mm、0.5~1.0 mm和>1.0 mm 3个根径级别时,3种植物单根抗拉力和延伸率均随根径增大而增大;单根抗拉强度和杨氏模量均随根径增大而减小;根系应力-应变曲线表现为单峰曲线。灌木金露梅单根平均抗拉强度是草本植物华扁穗草和线叶嵩草的1.56倍和1.25倍,华扁穗草单根平均延伸率是线叶嵩草和金露梅的1.06倍和1.36倍。草本植物单根抗拉强度主要与其维管柱面积占比有关;而灌木金露梅单根抗拉强度主要与其周皮和次生木质部面积占比有关。综合来看,华扁穗草和线叶嵩草根系抵抗变形的能力较强,主要发挥加筋和减缓河岸变形、破坏的作用;而金露梅刚度强、抗拉强度较大,主要发挥固土护岸的作用。研究结果可为筛选黄河源区优势护岸植物提供科学依据。

关键词: 根径级别, 单根抗拉强度, 延伸率, 应力-应变曲线, 木质部

Abstract:

We aimed to analyze the tensile properties of single roots and the micromechanical mechanism of revetment by three dominant alpine meadow plants (Blysmus sinocompressus, Kobresia capillifolia, and Potentilla fruticose) in the source area of the Yellow River. The mechanical properties of single roots of these three plants and their relationship with microstructure were quantitatively analyzed through a single root tensile test and paraffin section test. As the root diameter increased (from less than 0.5 mm, 0.5-1.0 mm, to greater than 1.0 mm), the single root tensile resistance and elongation increased, whereas the single root tensile strength and Young’s modulus decreased. The tensile stress-strain curve for single roots followed a single peak curve trend. The average tensile strength of the single roots of Potentilla fruticose shrubs was 1.56 and 1.25 times greater than that of the cyperaceous Blysmus sinocompressus and Kobresia capillifolia, repsectively, whereas the average single root elongation of Blysmus sinocompressus was 1.06 and 1.36 times greater than that of Kobresia capillifolia and Potentilla fruticose, respectively. The single root tensile strength of cyperaceous plants was mainly related to the vascular column area ratio, whereas the single root tensile strength of Potentilla fruticose shrubs was closely related to the proportion of epidermis and secondary xylem. The ability to resist root system deformation in Blysmus sinocompressus and Kobresia capillifolia was stronger than that of Potentilla fruticose; therefore, these two cyperaceae plants play a role in reinforcing the soil, and slowing down the speed of deformation and failure of the river bank. Moroever, the stiffness and tensile strength of the Potentilla fruticose root system were higher, which play a role in soil consolidation and bank protection. Our results provide scientific support for screening the dominant revetment species in the source region of the Yellow River.

Key words: root diameter grade, single root tensile strength, elongation, stress-strain curve, xylem

张玉,朱海丽,张珂,李国荣,刘亚斌. 3种滨河植物单根抗拉特性与其微观结构关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 572-583.

ZHANG Yu,ZHU Haili,ZHANG Ke,LI Guorong,LIU Yabin. Relationship between tensile properties and microstructure of single root of three riparian plants[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 572-583.

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植物名称	根径级别/mm	平均根径/mm	平均抗拉力/N	平均抗拉强度/MPa	平均延伸率/%
华扁穗草	<0.5	0.31±0.08	1.97±1.20b	51.52±26.26b	20.97±5.56b
	0.5~1.0	0.73±0.14	5.77±2.11b	14.59±6.83c	47.42±12.17a
	>1.0	1.62±0.21	25.37±9.31b	13.10±6.30b	50.50±20.25a
线叶嵩草	<0.5	0.31±0.10	2.49±1.16b	44.21±24.88c	28.24±9.13a
	0.5~1.0	0.68±0.11	7.99±1.95b	22.20±7.11b	45.87±10.65a
金露梅	<0.5	0.39±0.08	4.40±2.08a	64.90±16.65a	21.77±6.77b
	0.5~1.0	0.75±0.13	13.67±5.68a	31.15±7.89a	32.30±10.07b
	>1.0	1.35±0.25	34.19±13.78a	24.81±8.23a	34.12±16.27b

植物类型	回归方程	R²	P	样本数/个
华扁穗草	F=-1.001X₁-1.115X₂-0.095X₃-0.314X₄-0.924X₆-2.251E^-15	0.78	<0.05	20
线叶嵩草	F=-6.375X₃-4.525X₄+7.672X₅+2.295X₆-5.469E^-16	0.86	<0.05	20
金露梅	F=0.143X₁+0.818X₅-0.28X₆-2.369E^-15	0.86	<0.05	20

植物类型	回归方程	R²	P	样本数/个
华扁穗草	P=-2.329X₁-4.833X₂-2.895X₃-2.596X₄+1.924X₆-9.845E^-15	0.68	<0.05	20
线叶嵩草	P=-7.813X₃-4.299X₄+3.968X₅+8.453X₆-4.193E^-16	0.78	<0.05	20
金露梅	P=0.796X₁+0.1X₅-0.552X₆-3.144E^-15	0.76	<0.05	20