塔里木盆地南缘绿洲土地覆盖变化及驱动力

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.29

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 1172-1183.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.29

塔里木盆地南缘绿洲土地覆盖变化及驱动力

高宇婷^1,^2,³(),于洋^1,^2,³(),孙凌霄^1,³,于瑞德^1,^3,⁴

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所/荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆策勒 848300
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
4.烟台大学环境与材料工程学院,山东烟台 264005

收稿日期:2020-09-14 修回日期:2021-02-21 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-08-03
通讯作者: 于洋
作者简介:高宇婷(1995-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为干旱区水文. E-mail: gaoyuting18@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院“西部青年学者”B类(2018-XBQNXZ-B-017);中国科学院百人计划C类(Y931201);新疆自治区高层次人才引进工程(Y942171)

Land coverage change and driving forces of an oasis in the southern margin of Tarim Basin

GAO Yuting^1,^2,³(),YU Yang^1,^2,³(),SUN Lingxiao^1,³,YU Ruide^1,^3,⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, Xinjiang, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China

Received:2020-09-14 Revised:2021-02-21 Online:2021-07-15 Published:2021-08-03
Contact: Yang YU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以塔里木盆地南缘的策勒绿洲为研究区,基于4期土地利用和遥感影像、以及气象、水文和社会经济数据,分析了1990—2018年策勒绿洲土地利用/覆被变化特征。结果表明:(1) 策勒绿洲各土地利用类型发生明显转变,农田面积向四周扩增,林地分布区域发生大幅度转移,不同覆盖程度的草地之间转化频繁。(2) 绿洲共有138.41 km²的面积发生转变,占总面积的53.85%,各类型的单一动态度依次为:高覆盖草地>农田>低覆盖草地>建设用地>中覆盖草地>未利用土地>林地,双向动态度依次为:高覆盖草地>农田>低覆盖草地>建设用地>林地>中覆盖草地>未利用土地。(3) 绿洲林草植被指数低于0,表明林地和草地一直处于退化的状态;绿洲土地利用变化驱动力主要为人口、降水以及径流量。

关键词: 荒漠绿洲, 策勒绿洲, 土地利用, 时空变化, NDVI, 驱动力

Abstract:

The characteristics of land use/cover change of the Cele oasis, in the southern margin of Tarim Basin, from 1990 to 2018 were explored and attributed based on four phases of land use and remote sensing images, as well as meteorological, hydrological, and socio-economic data. We found that the land use types in the Cele oasis changed substantially: The farmland area expanded to the surrounding area, the forest land distribution area shifted substantially, and the coverage of grassland changed frequently. Overall, 138.41 km² (53.85%) of the total area was transformed. In descending order, the single dynamic attitude was high covered grassland>farmland>low cover grassland>construction land>medium covered>grassland unused land>forest land, and in descending order, the double directional trend was high covered grassland>farmland>low cover grassland>construction land>forest land>medium covered>grassland unused land. The results also showed that the vegetation index of the green continent was less than 0, which indicates that forest land and grassland have been in a state of degradation. The driving forces of land use change in the oasis were population, precipitation, and runoff, based on the factors influencing surface cover in the oasis.

Key words: desert oasis, Cele oasis, land coverage, spatio-temporal variability, NDVI, driving force

高宇婷,于洋,孙凌霄,于瑞德. 塔里木盆地南缘绿洲土地覆盖变化及驱动力[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 1172-1183.

GAO Yuting,YU Yang,SUN Lingxiao,YU Ruide. Land coverage change and driving forces of an oasis in the southern margin of Tarim Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 1172-1183.

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土地利用类型	农田	林地	高覆盖植被	中覆盖植被	低覆盖植被	建设用地	未利用土地	总计
农田	56.55	5.02		0.24	0.02	1.68	0.10	63.61
林地	33.56	1.24	7.05	1.45	0.02	0.13	0.05	43.50
高覆盖植被	4.20		2.32	0.62				7.15
中覆盖植被	12.75		16.04	17.79	1.38		2.55	50.51
低覆盖植被	1.58		0.00	1.82	0.21		0.13	3.74
建设用地	2.62	0.37				2.41		5.40
未利用土地	23.15	0.22	2.36	11.19	4.58	3.52	38.09	83.11
总计	134.41	6.84	27.78	33.11	6.21	7.75	40.92	257.02

土地利用类型	1990—2000年			2000—2010年			2010—2018年			1990—2018年
土地利用类型	变化面积/km²	单一动态度/%	双向动态度/%	变化面积/km²	单一动态度/%	双向动态度/%	变化面积/km²	单一动态度/%	双向动态度/%	变化面积/km²	单一动态度/%	双向动态度/%
农田	15.62	2.46	4.55	28.16	3.56	6.11	27.07	3.15	3.32	70.84	3.98	10.41
林地	4.92	1.13	18.30	-41.55	-8.59	12.78	0.01	0.01	0.90	-36.62	-3.01	3.93
高覆盖植被	22.18	31.05	40.62	8.96	3.06	14.95	-10.50	-3.43	3.74	20.64	10.32	15.14
中覆盖植被	-40.00	-7.93	10.17	31.16	29.75	44.99	-8.53	-2.56	2.96	-17.37	-1.23	3.40
低覆盖植被	7.14	19.10	38.10	-2.93	-2.69	13.50	-1.74	-2.73	3.57	2.47	2.36	9.10
建设用地	2.69	5.00	16.19	-3.70	-4.57	9.50	3.37	9.59	10.25	2.36	1.56	5.52
未利用土地	-12.64	-1.52	4.09	-19.75	-2.81	3.35	-9.73	-2.40	2.68	-42.12	-1.81	2.06

因素	第一主成分	第二主成分	第三主成分	第四主成分	第五主成分
径流量	0.448	0.312	-0.203	-0.168	-0.752
气温	0.290	0.692	0.344	0.512	0.221
降水	0.440	0.043	0.411	-0.727	0.326
蒸发量	-0.325	0.598	-0.569	-0.369	0.246
人口	0.451	-0.172	-0.479	0.190	0.468
粮食	0.461	-0.190	-0.344	0.089	-0.004
特征值	4.327	1.140	0.336	0.194	0.003
累计贡献率/%	0.721	0.911	0.967	0.999	1

土地利用类型	回归方程	显著性水平
农田	Y=0.429X1+0.282X2	R²=88.74%, F=11.82
林地	Y=-0.330X1-0.384X2	R²=63.93%, F=2.66
高覆盖植被	Y=0.190X2-0.287X2	R²=25.07%, F=0.50
中覆盖植被	Y=-0.105X1+0.618X2	R²=48.30%, F=1.40
低覆盖植被	Y=0.094X1-0.737X2	R²=65.76%, F=2.88
建设用地	Y=0.278X1-0.744X2	R²=96.50%, F=41.40
未利用土地	Y=-0.426X1-0.161X2	R²=81.44%, F=6.58

塔里木盆地南缘绿洲土地覆盖变化及驱动力

Land coverage change and driving forces of an oasis in the southern margin of Tarim Basin

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